--- title: The stories which have been passed on from generation to generation,… — Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat · tree and pragmatics description: The stories which have been passed on from generation to generation, are, like the legends of the West, to some extent mythical, but no doubt based on actual incidents in the past which, in the repeated telling, have been added to and embroidered in a way calculated to impress the minds of the simpl --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg76982/2/28/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg76982/) / [Author’s Preface.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg76982/2/) / 28 # Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat, Author’s Preface., sentence 28 The stories which have been passed on from generation to generation, are, like the legends of the West, to some extent mythical, but no doubt based on actual incidents in the past which, in the repeated telling, have been added to and embroidered in a way calculated to impress the minds of the simple folk who heard them; and thus their remembrance and transmission to later generations has been assured. **Who acts:** stories, simple folk · **What happens:** pass on, be, base, repeat, add, embroider · **To what, where:** stories, generation, doubt, actual incidents, repeated telling, way This is a sentence of «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Author’s Preface.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stories, simple folk), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg76982:2:28 # text = The stories which have been passed on from generation to generation, are, like the legends of the West, to some extent mythical, but no doubt based on actual incidents in the past which, in the repeated telling, have been added to and embroidered in a way calculated to impress the minds of the simple folk who heard them; and thus their remembrance and transmission to later generations has been assured. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 stories story NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nsubj _ _ 3 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 6 nsubj:pass _ _ 4 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 aux _ _ 5 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 6 aux:pass _ _ 6 passed pass VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 acl:relcl _ _ 7 on on ADP RP _ 6 compound:prt _ _ 8 from from ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 generation generation NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 10 to to ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 generation generation NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 12 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 13 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 cop _ SpaceAfter=No 14 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 15 like like ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 legends legend NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 nsubj _ _ 18 of of ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 West West PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 21 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 22 to to ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 23 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 25 nsubj _ _ 24 extent extent ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ _ 25 mythical mythical ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 26 , , PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ _ 27 but but CCONJ CC _ 46 cc _ _ 28 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 29 det _ _ 29 doubt doubt NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 nsubj _ _ 30 based base VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 29 acl _ _ 31 on on ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 32 actual actual ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 amod _ _ 33 incidents incident NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 obl _ _ 34 in in ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 past past NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 nmod _ _ 37 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 46 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 38 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 39 in in ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 40 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 41 repeated repeat VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 42 amod _ _ 42 telling telling NOUN NN Number=Sing 46 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 43 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 44 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 46 aux _ _ 45 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 46 aux:pass _ _ 46 added add VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 25 conj _ _ 47 to to ADP IN _ 46 obl _ _ 48 and and CCONJ CC _ 49 cc _ _ 49 embroidered embroider VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 46 conj _ _ 50 in in ADP IN _ 52 case _ _ 51 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 52 det _ _ 52 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 49 obl _ _ 53 calculated calculate VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 52 acl _ _ 54 to to PART TO _ 55 mark _ _ 55 impress impress VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 53 advcl _ _ 56 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 57 det _ _ 57 minds mind NOUN NNS Number=Plur 55 obj _ _ 58 of of ADP IN _ 61 case _ _ 59 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 61 det _ _ 60 simple simple ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 61 amod _ _ 61 folk folk NOUN NN Number=Sing 57 nmod _ _ 62 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 63 nsubj _ _ 63 heard hear VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 61 acl:relcl _ _ 64 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 63 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 65 ; ; PUNCT : _ 77 punct _ _ 66 and and CCONJ CC _ 69 cc _ _ 67 thus thus ADV RB _ 69 advmod _ _ 68 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 69 nmod:poss _ _ 69 remembrance remembrance NOUN NN Number=Sing 77 nsubj:pass _ _ 70 and and CCONJ CC _ 71 cc _ _ 71 transmission transmission NOUN NN Number=Sing 69 conj _ _ 72 to to ADP IN _ 74 case _ _ 73 later late ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 74 amod _ _ 74 generations generation NOUN NNS Number=Plur 71 nmod _ _ 75 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 77 aux _ _ 76 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 77 aux:pass _ _ 77 assured assure VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 25 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 78 . . PUNCT . _ 25 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **pass on** | present · perfect · passive | | the stories | | | from generation; to generation | | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: subject=Theme from generation=Initial\_Location to generation=Destination | | 2 | **is** | present | the stories | | | | | mythical *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **base** | participle | | no doubt *not said here* | | actual incidents in the past | | | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent on incident=Source | | 4 | **repeat** | participle | | | | | | | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | | 5 | **add** *speech: assert* | present · perfect · passive | the stories *not said here* | | | the repeated telling | | which no doubt *obj* | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: which=Patient | | 6 | **embroider** | participle | the stories *not said here* | | | a way | | | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent in way=Destination | | 7 | **calculate** | participle | | a way *not said here* | | | | | tree rules | | 8 | **impress** | to-infinitive | | the minds of the simple folk | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus mind=Experiencer | | 9 | **hear** | past | the simple folk | stories *= story* | | | | | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus | | 10 | **assure** | present · perfect · passive | | stories's remembrance and transmission to later generations | | | | | vn advise-37.9 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | | 11 | **mind** | | | the simple folk | | | | | nom mind «cognition transitive»: of=patient | | 12 | **remember** | | stories *= story* | | | | | | nom remembrance «cognition transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Project Gutenberg book 76982 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 27](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg76982/2/27/) - next →: [sentence 29](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg76982/2/29/) - ↑ back to [Author’s Preface.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg76982/2/)