---
title: And so the conclusion has been arrived at that the peoples of Sind a… — Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat · tree and pragmatics
description: And so the conclusion has been arrived at that the peoples of Sind and the Punjab were living in “well-built cities in a relatively mature civilisation with a high standard of art and craftsmanship and a developed system of writing 5,000 years ago.” Who acts: peoples. A sentence of «Folk tales of Si
---

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# Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat, Author’s Preface., sentence 39

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And so the conclusion has been arrived at that the peoples of Sind and the Punjab were living in “well-built cities in a relatively mature civilisation with a high standard of art and craftsmanship and a developed system of writing 5,000 years ago.”

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**Who acts:** peoples · **What happens:** arrive, live, build, develop · **To what, where:** conclusion, that, built cities

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This is a sentence of «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Author’s Preface.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (peoples), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg76982:2:39
# text = And so the conclusion has been arrived at that the peoples of Sind and the Punjab were living in “well-built cities in a relatively mature civilisation with a high standard of art and craftsmanship and a developed system of writing 5,000 years ago.”
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
2	so	so	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	arrived	arrive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	obl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	peoples	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Sind	Sind	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	Punjab	Punjab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
17	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	living	live	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	conj	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
20	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	23	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	amod	_	_
24	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
27	relatively	relatively	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
28	mature	mature	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	civilisation	civilisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
30	with	with	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
31	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	standard	standard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	art	art	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nmod	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
37	craftsmanship	craftsmanship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	conj	_	_
38	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
39	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
40	developed	develop	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	41	amod	_	_
41	system	system	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	conj	_	_
42	of	of	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
43	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	nmod	_	_
44	5,000	5000	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	45	nummod	_	_
45	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	46	obl:unmarked	_	_
46	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arrive** | present · perfect · passive |  | the conclusion |  | that |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | past · progressive | the peoples of Sind and the Punjab |  |  | built cities in a mature civilisation |  | with a high standard of art and craftsmanship and a developed system of writing; ago *property* | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in city=Location |
| 3 | **build** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 4 | **develop** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Project Gutenberg book 76982 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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