---
title: Once upon a time the river Ganges was brought down from heaven by th… — Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat · tree and pragmatics
description: Once upon a time the river Ganges was brought down from heaven by the austerities of King Bhagiratha of Ayodhya, so that he might perform the funeral rites of his kinsmen, the sixty thousand sons of King Sagar. Who acts: austerities, Godavari. A sentence of «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. 
---

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# Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat, Round About Nasik., sentence 10

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Once upon a time the river Ganges was brought down from heaven by the austerities of King Bhagiratha of Ayodhya, so that he might perform the funeral rites of his kinsmen, the sixty thousand sons of King Sagar.

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**Who acts:** austerities, Godavari · **What happens:** bring down, perform · **To what, where:** river, heaven, funeral rites

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This is a sentence of «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Round About Nasik.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (austerities, Godavari), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg76982:20:10
# text = Once upon a time the river Ganges was brought down from heaven by the austerities of King Bhagiratha of Ayodhya, so that he might perform the funeral rites of his kinsmen, the sixty thousand sons of King Sagar.
1	Once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	9	advmod	_	_
2	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	Ganges	Ganges	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	brought	bring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	down	down	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	heaven	heaven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	austerities	austerity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	Bhagiratha	Bhagiratha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Ayodhya	Ayodhya	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
22	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	26	mark	_	_
23	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	22	fixed	_	_
24	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
25	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	perform	perform	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	funeral	funeral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	_
29	rites	rite	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obj	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	kinsmen	kinsman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
35	sixty	sixty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	36	compound	_	_
36	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	37	nummod	_	_
37	sons	son	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	appos	_	_
38	of	of	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	40	compound	_	_
40	Sagar	Sagar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring down** | past · passive | the austerities of King Bhagiratha of Ayodhya | the river |  | heaven | time | once *property* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent subject=Theme from heaven=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **perform** | might | Godavari | the funeral rites of Godavari's kinsmen |  |  |  |  | vn performance-26.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rite=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Project Gutenberg book 76982 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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