---
title: There they saw a crumbling wall which the citizens could not repair. — Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat · tree and pragmatics
description: There they saw a crumbling wall which the citizens could not repair. Who acts: Al, citizens. A sentence of «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Jinda Pir., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat, Jinda Pir., sentence 45

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There they saw a crumbling wall which the citizens could not repair.

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**Who acts:** Al, citizens · **What happens:** see, crumble, not repair · **To what, where:** crumbling wall

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This is a sentence of «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Jinda Pir.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Al, citizens), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg76982:9:45
# text = There they saw a crumbling wall which the citizens could not repair.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	crumbling	crumble	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	amod	_	_
6	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	obj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	citizens	citizen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
10	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	repair	repair	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | Al | a crumbling wall |  | there |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer wall=Stimulus |
| 2 | **crumble** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **not** **repair** | could | the citizens | a crumbling wall |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent which=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Folk tales of Sind and Guzarat» by C. A. Kincaid, Project Gutenberg book 76982 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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