--- title: It is true, the authors, with cautious discrimination, have discarde… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics description: It is true, the authors, with cautious discrimination, have discarded those particulars too startling for belief, and have culled only such as, from their probability and congruity, might be safely recorded as historical facts; yet scarce one of these but has been connected in the original with some --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/1/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Legends of the conquest of Spain](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/) / [Opening](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/1/) / 15 # Legends of the conquest of Spain, Opening, sentence 15 It is true, the authors, with cautious discrimination, have discarded those particulars too startling for belief, and have culled only such as, from their probability and congruity, might be safely recorded as historical facts; yet scarce one of these but has been connected in the original with some romantic fiction, and, even in its divorced state, bears traces of its former alliance. **Who acts:** history, particulars · **What happens:** be, discard, startle, cull, record, connect · **To what, where:** authors, probability, original This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (history, particulars), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg77685:1:15 # text = It is true, the authors, with cautious discrimination, have discarded those particulars too startling for belief, and have culled only such as, from their probability and congruity, might be safely recorded as historical facts; yet scarce one of these but has been connected in the original with some romantic fiction, and, even in its divorced state, bears traces of its former alliance. 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 true true ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 4 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 authors author NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 nsubj:pass _ SpaceAfter=No 7 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 8 with with ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 cautious cautious ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 discrimination discrimination NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 11 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 12 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 aux _ _ 13 discarded discard VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 parataxis _ _ 14 those that DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 15 det _ _ 15 particulars particular NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obj _ _ 16 too too ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 17 startling startle VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 15 acl _ _ 18 for for ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 belief belief NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 20 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 22 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 aux _ _ 23 culled cull VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 3 parataxis _ _ 24 only only ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ _ 25 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP 23 conj _ _ 26 as as ADP IN _ 25 fixed _ SpaceAfter=No 27 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 28 from from ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 30 nmod:poss _ _ 30 probability probability NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 32 congruity congruity NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 33 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 34 might might AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 37 aux _ _ 35 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 37 aux:pass _ _ 36 safely safely ADV RB _ 37 advmod _ _ 37 recorded record VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 30 acl _ _ 38 as as ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 39 historical historical ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 40 amod _ _ 40 facts fact NOUN NNS Number=Plur 37 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 41 ; ; PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ _ 42 yet yet CCONJ CC _ 44 cc _ _ 43 scarce scarce ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 44 amod _ _ 44 one one NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 conj _ _ 45 of of ADP IN _ 46 case _ _ 46 these this PRON DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 44 nmod _ _ 47 but but CCONJ CC _ 50 cc _ _ 48 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 50 aux _ _ 49 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 50 aux:pass _ _ 50 connected connect VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 conj _ _ 51 in in ADP IN _ 53 case _ _ 52 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 53 det _ _ 53 original original NOUN NN Number=Sing 50 obl _ _ 54 with with ADP IN _ 57 case _ _ 55 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 57 det _ _ 56 romantic romantic ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 57 amod _ _ 57 fiction fiction NOUN NN Number=Sing 53 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 58 , , PUNCT , _ 65 punct _ _ 59 and and CCONJ CC _ 65 cc _ SpaceAfter=No 60 , , PUNCT , _ 65 punct _ _ 61 even even ADV RB _ 65 advmod _ _ 62 in in ADP IN _ 65 case _ _ 63 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 65 nmod:poss _ _ 64 divorced divorced ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 65 amod _ _ 65 state state NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 66 , , PUNCT , _ 68 punct _ _ 67 bears bear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 68 compound _ _ 68 traces trace NOUN NNS Number=Plur 65 conj _ _ 69 of of ADP IN _ 72 case _ _ 70 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 72 nmod:poss _ _ 71 former former ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 72 amod _ _ 72 alliance alliance NOUN NN Number=Sing 68 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 73 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | history | | | | | scarce one of these *conj*; history's divorced state and bears traces of history's former alliance *conj*; true *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **discard** | present · perfect · passive | | the authors and cautious discrimination | | | | that particulars *obj* | tree rules | | 3 | **startle** | gerund | that particulars *not said here* | | | | | for belief | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | | 4 | **cull** | present · perfect | | | | particulars's probability and congruity | | | vn cheat-10.6.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from probability=Source | | 5 | **record** | might · passive | | particulars's probability and congruity *not said here* | | | | as historical facts; safely *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V» | | 6 | **connect** | present · perfect · passive | history *not said here* | | | the original with some romantic fiction | | | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V» | | 7 | **ally** | | history | | | | | | nom alliance «state transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/1/14/) - next →: [sentence 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/1/16/) - ↑ back to [Opening](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/1/)