---
title: Their heroic aims have transcended the cooler conceptions of their n… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: Their heroic aims have transcended the cooler conceptions of their neighbours, and their reckless daring has borne them on to achievements which prudent enterprise could never have accomplished. Who acts: heroic aims, Spaniards. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, 
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Opening, sentence 19

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Their heroic aims have transcended the cooler conceptions of their neighbours, and their reckless daring has borne them on to achievements which prudent enterprise could never have accomplished.

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**Who acts:** heroic aims, Spaniards · **What happens:** transcend, bear on, not accomplish, aim, conceive, dare · **To what, where:** cooler conceptions, reckless daring, prudent enterprise, neighbours

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (heroic aims, Spaniards), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:1:19
# text = Their heroic aims have transcended the cooler conceptions of their neighbours, and their reckless daring has borne them on to achievements which prudent enterprise could never have accomplished.
1	Their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	heroic	heroic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	aims	aim	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	transcended	transcend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	cooler	cool	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	amod	_	_
8	conceptions	conception	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	neighbours	neighbour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
14	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
15	reckless	reckless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	daring	daring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	borne	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
19	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	_
20	on	on	ADP	RP	_	18	compound:prt	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	achievements	achievement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
23	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	29	obj	_	_
24	prudent	prudent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nsubj:pass	_	_
26	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
27	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	29	advmod	_	_
28	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	aux	_	_
29	accomplished	accomplish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **transcend** | present · perfect | Spaniards's heroic aims | the cooler conceptions of Spaniards's neighbours |  |  |  |  | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot conception=Theme |
| 2 | **bear on** | present · perfect · passive |  | Spaniards's reckless daring |  |  |  | to achievements; Spaniards *= spaniard* *obj* | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **accomplish** | could · perfect · passive |  | prudent enterprise |  |  |  | achievements *obj* | tree rules |
| 4 | **aim** |  | Spaniards *= spaniard* |  |  |  |  |  | nom aim «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |
| 5 | **conceive** |  |  | Spaniards's neighbours |  |  |  |  | nom conception «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
| 6 | **dare** |  | Spaniards *= spaniard* |  |  |  |  |  | nom daring «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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