---
title: “Hitherto,” said he, “we have been enemies; but I come to thee in pe… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: “Hitherto,” said he, “we have been enemies; but I come to thee in peace, and it rests with thee to make me the most devoted of thy friends. Who acts: we, I, peace, me. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter IX., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of e
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter IX., sentence 13

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“Hitherto,” said he, “we have been enemies; but I come to thee in peace, and it rests with thee to make me the most devoted of thy friends.

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**Who acts:** we, I, peace, me · **What happens:** say, be, come, rest, make, devote · **To what, where:** enemies, peace, me · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter IX.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, I, peace, me), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:10:13
# text = “Hitherto,” said he, “we have been enemies; but I come to thee in peace, and it rests with thee to make me the most devoted of thy friends.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Hitherto	hitherto	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	cop	_	_
12	enemies	enemy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
14	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	TO	_	18	case	_	_
18	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	16	obl	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	peace	peace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	rests	rest	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
25	with	with	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	24	obl	_	_
27	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
28	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	advcl	_	_
29	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	28	obj	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	32	advmod	_	_
32	devoted	devote	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	28	xcomp	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	35	nmod:poss	_	_
35	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past |  |  |  |  |  | COUNT *ccomp*; hitherto *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present · perfect | we | enemies |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **come** *in a quote* | present | I |  |  | peace |  | to thee | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to thou=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **rest** *in a quote* | present | peace |  |  |  |  | with thee | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **make** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | peace *not said here* | me |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **devote** *in a quote* | participle | me *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of thy friends | vn dedicate-79 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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- ↑ back to [Chapter IX.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/10/)