---
title: The heart of Muza leaped with joy at these words, for he was a bold… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: The heart of Muza leaped with joy at these words, for he was a bold and ambitious conqueror, and, having overrun all western Africa, had often cast a wistful eye to the mountains of Spain, as he beheld them brightening beyond the waters of the strait. Who acts: land, heart. A sentence of «Legends of
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter IX., sentence 17

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The heart of Muza leaped with joy at these words, for he was a bold and ambitious conqueror, and, having overrun all western Africa, had often cast a wistful eye to the mountains of Spain, as he beheld them brightening beyond the waters of the strait.

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**Who acts:** land, heart · **What happens:** leap, be, have, cast, behold, brighten · **To what, where:** heart, words

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter IX.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (land, heart), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:10:17
# text = The heart of Muza leaped with joy at these words, for he was a bold and ambitious conqueror, and, having overrun all western Africa, had often cast a wistful eye to the mountains of Spain, as he beheld them brightening beyond the waters of the strait.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Muza	Muza	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	leaped	leap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	joy	joy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
10	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
16	bold	bold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	ambitious	ambitious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	conj	_	_
19	conqueror	conqueror	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
24	overrun	overrun	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	27	det	_	_
26	western	western	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
29	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
30	often	often	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
31	cast	cast	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
32	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
33	wistful	wistful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obj	_	_
35	to	to	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	obl	_	_
38	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
39	Spain	Spain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
41	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	43	mark	_	_
42	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	43	nsubj	_	_
43	beheld	behold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	31	conj	_	_
44	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	43	obj	_	_
45	brightening	brighten	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	43	advcl	_	_
46	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
47	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
48	waters	water	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	45	obl	_	_
49	of	of	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
50	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	51	det	_	_
51	strait	strait	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	31	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leap** | participle |  | the heart of Muza and a bold conqueror *not said here* |  | this words |  | with joy | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at word=Trajectory |
| 2 | **is** | past | land |  |  |  |  | for a bold conqueror | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | gerund | the heart of Muza and a bold conqueror *not said here* |  |  |  |  | overrun all western Africa | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **cast** | past · perfect · passive |  | the heart of Muza and a bold conqueror |  |  |  | to the mountains of Spain; a wistful eye *obj*; often *property* | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP PP»: subject=Beneficiary eye=Product |
| 5 | **behold** | past | land | heart |  |  |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus |
| 6 | **brighten** | gerund | land *not said here* |  |  |  |  | beyond the waters of the strait | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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