---
title: [16] This first expedition of the Arabs against Spain took place, ac… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: [16] This first expedition of the Arabs against Spain took place, according to certain historians, in the year of our Lord seven hundred and twelve; though others differ on this point, as indeed they do upon almost every point in this early period of Spanish history. Who acts: first expedition, othe
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter IX., sentence 29

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\[16\] This first expedition of the Arabs against Spain took place, according to certain historians, in the year of our Lord seven hundred and twelve; though others differ on this point, as indeed they do upon almost every point in this early period of Spanish history.

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**Who acts:** first expedition, others · **What happens:** take, accord, differ, do · **To what, where:** 16

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter IX.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (first expedition, others), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:10:29
# text = [16] This first expedition of the Arabs against Spain took place, according to certain historians, in the year of our Lord seven hundred and twelve; though others differ on this point, as indeed they do upon almost every point in this early period of Spanish history.
1	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	16	16	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
5	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	6	amod	_	_
6	expedition	expedition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Arabs	Arab	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	against	against	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Spain	Spain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	18	case	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	fixed	_	_
17	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	historians	historian	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	Lord	Lord	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
26	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	27	compound	_	_
27	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	25	nmod	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
31	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	33	mark	_	_
32	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	nsubj	_	_
33	differ	differ	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	parataxis	_	_
34	on	on	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	36	det	_	_
36	point	point	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
38	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	41	mark	_	_
39	indeed	indeed	ADV	RB	_	41	advmod	_	_
40	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	41	nsubj	_	_
41	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	33	conj	_	_
42	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
43	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	45	advmod	_	_
44	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	45	det	_	_
45	point	point	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obl	_	_
46	in	in	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
47	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	49	det	_	_
48	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	49	amod	_	_
49	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	nmod	_	_
50	of	of	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
51	Spanish	Spanish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	52	amod	_	_
52	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | this first expedition of the Arabs against Spain | 16 |  |  | year | place and certain historians *obj* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent place=Theme |
| 2 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **differ** | present | others |  |  |  |  | on this point | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V PP.theme S»: agent=Agent on point=Topic |
| 4 | **do** | present | others *= other* |  |  |  |  | upon every point in this early period of Spanish history; indeed *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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