---
title: There were Saracen and Tartar, Syrian and Copt, and swarthy Moor; su… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: There were Saracen and Tartar, Syrian and Copt, and swarthy Moor; sumptuous warriors from the civilised cities of the east, and the gaunt and predatory rovers of the desert. Who acts: Saracen. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter IX., with its dependency tre
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter IX., sentence 6

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There were Saracen and Tartar, Syrian and Copt, and swarthy Moor; sumptuous warriors from the civilised cities of the east, and the gaunt and predatory rovers of the desert.

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**Who acts:** Saracen · **What happens:** be, civilise

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter IX.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Saracen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:10:6
# text = There were Saracen and Tartar, Syrian and Copt, and swarthy Moor; sumptuous warriors from the civilised cities of the east, and the gaunt and predatory rovers of the desert.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Saracen	Saracen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	Tartar	Tartar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	Syrian	Syrian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	Copt	Copt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	swarthy	swarthy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	Moor	moor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
15	sumptuous	sumptuous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	warriors	warrior	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
17	from	from	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	civilised	civilise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	amod	_	_
20	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	east	east	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
27	gaunt	gaunt	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	predatory	predatory	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	conj	_	_
30	rovers	rover	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	desert	desert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | Saracen and Tartar |  |  | there |  | swarthy Moor *conj*; sumptuous warriors from the civilised cities of the east and the gaunt rovers of the desert *nsubj* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **civilise** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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- ↑ back to [Chapter IX.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/10/)