--- title: Letter of Muza to the Caliph.—second Expedition of Taric E… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · full text with trees description: Letter of Muza to the Caliph.—second Expedition of Taric El Tuerto., «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving: the whole chapter, every sentence with its dependency tree and pragmatics. It begins: On hearing the tidings brought by Taric el Tuerto, and beholding the spoil he had collec --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Legends of the conquest of Spain](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/) / Letter of Muza to the Caliph.—second E… # Letter of Muza to the Caliph.—second Expedition of Taric El Tuerto. Letter of Muza to the Caliph.—second Expedition of Taric El Tuerto. of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving: the whole text, 53 sentences and 1402 words. The small number after every sentence leads to its own page with its syntax tree and pragmatics, parsed by Mova itself. On hearing the tidings brought by Taric el Tuerto, and beholding the spoil he had collected, Muza wrote a letter to the Caliph Waled Almanzor, setting forth the traitorous proffer of Count Julian, and the probability, through his means, of making a successful invasion of Spain.[1](1/ "tree and pragmatics") “A new land,” said he, “spreads itself out before our delighted eyes, and invites our conquest: a land, too, that equals Syria in the fertility of its soil, and the serenity of its sky; Yemen, or Arabia the Happy, in its delightful temperature; India, in its flowers and spices; Hegias, in its fruits and flowers; Cathay, in its precious minerals; and Aden, in the excellence of its ports and harbours\![2](2/ "tree and pragmatics") It is populous also, and wealthy; having many splendid cities, and majestic monuments of ancient art.[3](3/ "tree and pragmatics") What is to prevent this glorious land from becoming the inheritance of the faithful?[4](4/ "tree and pragmatics") Already we have overcome the tribes of Berbery, of Zab, of Derar, of Zaara, Mazamuda, and Sus; and the victorious standard of Islam floats on the towers of Tangier.[5](5/ "tree and pragmatics") But four leagues of sea separate us from the opposite coast.[6](6/ "tree and pragmatics") One word from my sovereign, and the conquerors of Africa will pour their legions into Andalusia, rescue it from the domination of the unbeliever, and subdue it to the law of the Koran.”[7](7/ "tree and pragmatics") \[19\][8](8/ "tree and pragmatics") The Caliph was overjoyed with the contents of the letter.[9](9/ "tree and pragmatics") “God is great!” exclaimed he, “and Mahomet is his prophet\![10](10/ "tree and pragmatics") It has been foretold by the ambassador of God, that his law should extend to the ultimate parts of the west, and be carried by the sword into new and unknown regions.[11](11/ "tree and pragmatics") Behold, another land is opened for the triumphs of the faithful\![12](12/ "tree and pragmatics") It is the will of Allah, and be his sovereign will obeyed!”[13](13/ "tree and pragmatics") So the Caliph sent missives to Muza, authorising him to undertake the conquest.[14](14/ "tree and pragmatics") Upon this there was a great stir of preparation; and numerous vessels were assembled and equipped at Tangier, to convey the invading army across the Straits.[15](15/ "tree and pragmatics") Twelve thousand men were chosen for this expedition: most of them light Arabian troops, seasoned in warfare, and fitted for hardy and rapid enterprise.[16](16/ "tree and pragmatics") Among them were many horsemen, mounted on fleet Arabian steeds.[17](17/ "tree and pragmatics") The whole was put under the command of the veteran, Taric el Tuerto, or the one-eyed, in whom Muza reposed implicit confidence, as in a second self.[18](18/ "tree and pragmatics") Taric accepted the command with joy: his martial fire was roused at the idea of having such an army under his sole command, and such a country to overrun; and he secretly determined never to return unless victorious.[19](19/ "tree and pragmatics") He chose a dark night to convey his troops across the Straits of Hercules; and, by break of day, they began to disembark at Tarifa, before the country had time to take the alarm.[20](20/ "tree and pragmatics") A few Christians hastily assembled from the neighbourhood, and opposed their landing, but were easily put to flight.[21](21/ "tree and pragmatics") Taric stood on the sea-side, and watched until the last squadron had landed; and all the horses, armour, and munitions of war, were brought on shore: he then gave orders to set fire to the ships.[22](22/ "tree and pragmatics") The Moslems were struck with terror when they beheld their fleet wrapped in flames and smoke, and sinking beneath the waves.[23](23/ "tree and pragmatics") “How shall we escape,” exclaimed they, “if the fortune of war should be against us?”[24](24/ "tree and pragmatics") “There is no escape for the coward!” cried Taric: “the brave man thinks of none: your only chance is victory.”[25](25/ "tree and pragmatics") “But how, without ships, shall we ever return to our homes?”[26](26/ "tree and pragmatics") “Your home,” replied Taric, “is before you; but you must win it with your swords.”[27](27/ "tree and pragmatics") While Taric was yet talking with his followers, says one of the ancient chroniclers, a Christian female was described, waving a white pennon on a reed, in signal of peace.[28](28/ "tree and pragmatics") On being brought into the presence of Taric she prostrated herself before him.[29](29/ "tree and pragmatics") “Senior,” said she, “I am an ancient woman; and it is now full sixty years, past and gone, since, as I was keeping vigils one winter’s night by the fireside, I heard my father, who was an exceeding old man, read a prophecy, said to have been written by a holy friar; and this was the purport of the prophecy: that a time would arrive when our country would be invaded and conquered by a people from Africa, of a strange garb, a strange tongue, and a strange religion.[30](30/ "tree and pragmatics") They were to be led by a strong and valiant captain, who would be known by these signs: on his right shoulder he would have a hairy mole, and his right arm would be much longer than the left; and of such length as to enable him to cover his knee with his hand without bending his body.”[31](31/ "tree and pragmatics") Taric listened to the old beldame with grave attention; and, when she had concluded, he laid bare his shoulder, and lo! there was the mole as it had been described; his right arm, also, was, in verity, found to exceed the other in length, though not to the degree that had been mentioned.[32](32/ "tree and pragmatics") Upon this the Arab host shouted for joy, and felt assured of conquest.[33](33/ "tree and pragmatics") \[20\][34](34/ "tree and pragmatics") The discreet Antonio Agapida, though he records this circumstance as it is set down in ancient chronicle, yet withholds his belief from the pretended prophecy, considering the whole a cunning device of Taric to increase the courage of his troops.[35](35/ "tree and pragmatics") “Doubtless,” says he, “there was a collusion between this ancient sybil and the crafty son of Ishmael; for these infidel leaders were full of damnable inventions, to work upon the superstitious fancies of their followers, and to inspire them with a blind confidence in the success of their arms.”[36](36/ "tree and pragmatics") Be this as it may, the veteran Taric took advantage of the excitement of his soldiery, and led them forward to gain possession of a stronghold, which was, in a manner, the key to all the adjacent country.[37](37/ "tree and pragmatics") This was a lofty mountain, or promontory, almost surrounded by the sea; and connected with the mainland by a narrow isthmus.[38](38/ "tree and pragmatics") It was called the rock of Calpe, and, like the opposite rock of Ceuta, commanded the entrance to the Mediterranean Sea.[39](39/ "tree and pragmatics") Here, in old times, Hercules had set up one of his pillars, and the city of Heraclea had been built.[40](40/ "tree and pragmatics") As Taric advanced against this promontory, he was opposed by a hasty levy of the Christians, who had assembled under the banner of a Gothic noble of great power and importance, whose domains lay along the mountainous coast of the Mediterranean.[41](41/ "tree and pragmatics") The name of this Christian cavalier was Theodomir, but he has universally been called Tadmir by the Arabian historians; and is renowned as being the first commander that made any stand against the inroad of the Moslems.[42](42/ "tree and pragmatics") He was about forty years of age; hardy, prompt, and sagacious; and had all the Gothic nobles been equally vigilant and shrewd in their defence, the banner of Islam would never have triumphed over the land.[43](43/ "tree and pragmatics") Theodomir had but seventeen hundred men under his command, and these but rudely armed; yet he made a resolute stand against the army of Taric, and defended the pass to the promontory with great valour.[44](44/ "tree and pragmatics") He was, at length, obliged to retreat; and Taric advanced, and planted his standard on the rock of Calpe, and fortified it as his stronghold, and as the means of securing an entrance into the land.[45](45/ "tree and pragmatics") To commemorate his first victory, he changed the name of the promontory, and called it Gibel Taric, or the mountain of Taric; but, in process of time, the name has gradually been altered to Gibraltar.[46](46/ "tree and pragmatics") In the meantime, the patriotic chieftain, Theodomir, having collected his routed forces, encamped with them on the skirts of the mountains, and summoned the country round to join his standard.[47](47/ "tree and pragmatics") He sent off missives, in all speed, to the king; imparting, in brief and blunt terms, the news of the invasion, and craving assistance with equal frankness.[48](48/ "tree and pragmatics") “Senior,” said he, in his letter, “the legions of Africa are upon us, but whether they come from heaven or earth I know not.[49](49/ "tree and pragmatics") They seem to have fallen from the clouds, for they have no ships.[50](50/ "tree and pragmatics") We have been taken by surprise, overpowered by numbers, and obliged to retreat; and they have fortified themselves in our territory.[51](51/ "tree and pragmatics") Send us aid, senior, with instant speed; or, rather, come yourself to our assistance.”[52](52/ "tree and pragmatics") \[21\][53](53/ "tree and pragmatics") - ← previous: [Chapter IX.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/10/) - next →: [Chapter XI.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/12/) - ↑ back to [Legends of the conquest of Spain](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/)