---
title: The Moslems were struck with terror when they beheld their fleet wra… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: The Moslems were struck with terror when they beheld their fleet wrapped in flames and smoke, and sinking beneath the waves. Who acts: Moslems. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Letter of Muza to the Caliph.—second Expedition of Taric El Tuerto., with its depende
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Letter of Muza to the Caliph.—second Expedition of Taric El Tuerto., sentence 23

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The Moslems were struck with terror when they beheld their fleet wrapped in flames and smoke, and sinking beneath the waves.

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**Who acts:** Moslems · **What happens:** strike, behold, wrap, sink · **To what, where:** Moslems, fleet, flames

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Letter of Muza to the Caliph.—second Expedition of Taric El Tuerto.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Moslems), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:11:23
# text = The Moslems were struck with terror when they beheld their fleet wrapped in flames and smoke, and sinking beneath the waves.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Moslems	Moslem	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	struck	strike	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	terror	terror	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	beheld	behold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
10	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	fleet	fleet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	wrapped	wrap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	flames	flame	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	sinking	sink	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	advcl	_	_
20	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **strike** | past · passive |  | the Moslems |  |  |  | with terror | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with terror=Instrument |
| 2 | **behold** | past | Moslems *= moslem* | Moslems's fleet |  |  |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer fleet=Stimulus |
| 3 | **wrap** | participle |  | Moslems's fleet *not said here* |  | flames and smoke |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme in flame=Destination |
| 4 | **sink** | gerund | Moslems *= moslem* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | beneath the waves | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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