---
title: This was a lofty mountain, or promontory, almost surrounded by the s… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: This was a lofty mountain, or promontory, almost surrounded by the sea; and connected with the mainland by a narrow isthmus. Who acts: This. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Letter of Muza to the Caliph.—second Expedition of Taric El Tuerto., with its dependency
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Letter of Muza to the Caliph.—second Expedition of Taric El Tuerto., sentence 38

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This was a lofty mountain, or promontory, almost surrounded by the sea; and connected with the mainland by a narrow isthmus.

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**Who acts:** This · **What happens:** be, surround, connect · **To what, where:** lofty mountain, promontory

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Letter of Muza to the Caliph.—second Expedition of Taric El Tuerto.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:11:38
# text = This was a lofty mountain, or promontory, almost surrounded by the sea; and connected with the mainland by a narrow isthmus.
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	lofty	lofty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	promontory	promontory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	surrounded	surround	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	connected	connect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
18	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	mainland	mainland	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	by	by	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	narrow	narrow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	isthmus	isthmus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | This | a lofty mountain |  |  |  | promontory *appos* | tree rules |
| 2 | **surround** | participle |  | promontory *not said here* |  |  |  | the sea *obl:agent*; almost *property* | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **connect** | participle | This *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with the mainland; by a narrow isthmus | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Patient with mainland=Co-Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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