---
title: Already we have overcome the tribes of Berbery, of Zab, of Derar, of… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: Already we have overcome the tribes of Berbery, of Zab, of Derar, of Zaara, Mazamuda, and Sus; and the victorious standard of Islam floats on the towers of Tangier. Who acts: we, victorious standard. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Letter of Muza to the Caliph.
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Letter of Muza to the Caliph.—second Expedition of Taric El Tuerto., sentence 5

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Already we have overcome the tribes of Berbery, of Zab, of Derar, of Zaara, Mazamuda, and Sus; and the victorious standard of Islam floats on the towers of Tangier.

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**Who acts:** we, victorious standard · **What happens:** overcome, float · **To what, where:** tribes, towers

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Letter of Muza to the Caliph.—second Expedition of Taric El Tuerto.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, victorious standard), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:11:5
# text = Already we have overcome the tribes of Berbery, of Zab, of Derar, of Zaara, Mazamuda, and Sus; and the victorious standard of Islam floats on the towers of Tangier.
1	Already	already	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	overcome	overcome	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	tribes	tribe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Berbery	Berbery	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Zab	Zab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Derar	Derar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Zaara	Zaara	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	Mazamuda	Mazamuda	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	Sus	Sus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	victorious	victorious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	standard	standard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nsubj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	Islam	Islam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
30	floats	float	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
31	on	on	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	towers	tower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obl	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	Tangier	Tangier	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overcome** | present · perfect | we | the tribes of Berbery |  |  |  | of Zab and Derar; of Zaara and Mazamuda and Sus | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot tribe=Theme |
| 2 | **float** | present | the victorious standard of Islam |  |  | the towers of Tangier |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on tower=Trajectory |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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