--- title: The prince Ataulpho marched with his army through Andalusia, and was… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics description: The prince Ataulpho marched with his army through Andalusia, and was joined by Theodomir with his troops; he met with various detachments of the enemy foraging the country, and had several bloody skirmishes; but he succeeded in driving them before him, and they retreated to the rock of Calpe, where --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/12/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Legends of the conquest of Spain](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/) / [Chapter XI.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/12/) / 10 # Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter XI., sentence 10 The prince Ataulpho marched with his army through Andalusia, and was joined by Theodomir with his troops; he met with various detachments of the enemy foraging the country, and had several bloody skirmishes; but he succeeded in driving them before him, and they retreated to the rock of Calpe, where Taric lay gathered up with the main body of his army. **Who acts:** prince, Theodomir, enemy, bloody, troops, Taric · **What happens:** march, join, meet, forage, have, skirmish · **To what, where:** Andalusia, country, several, troops, rock, enemy This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter XI.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (prince, Theodomir, enemy, bloody), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg77685:12:10 # text = The prince Ataulpho marched with his army through Andalusia, and was joined by Theodomir with his troops; he met with various detachments of the enemy foraging the country, and had several bloody skirmishes; but he succeeded in driving them before him, and they retreated to the rock of Calpe, where Taric lay gathered up with the main body of his army. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 prince prince NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 3 Ataulpho Ataulpho PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 appos _ _ 4 marched march VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 with with ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ _ 7 army army NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 8 through through ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 Andalusia Andalusia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 10 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 12 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 aux:pass _ _ 13 joined join VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 parataxis _ _ 14 by by ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 Theodomir Theodomir PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 16 with with ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ _ 18 troops troops NOUN NNS Number=Ptan 13 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 19 ; ; PUNCT : _ 21 punct _ _ 20 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nsubj _ _ 21 met meet VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 22 with with ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 various various ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 amod _ _ 24 detachments detachment NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obl _ _ 25 of of ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 enemy enemy NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nmod _ _ 28 foraging forage VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 27 acl _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 country country NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 31 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 33 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 conj _ _ 34 several several ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 obj _ _ 35 bloody bloody ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 36 nsubj _ _ 36 skirmishes skirmish VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 34 acl:relcl _ SpaceAfter=No 37 ; ; PUNCT : _ 40 punct _ _ 38 but but CCONJ CC _ 40 cc _ _ 39 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 nsubj _ _ 40 succeeded succeed VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 41 in in SCONJ IN _ 42 mark _ _ 42 driving drive VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 40 advcl _ _ 43 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 42 obj _ _ 44 before before ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 45 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 42 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 46 , , PUNCT , _ 49 punct _ _ 47 and and CCONJ CC _ 49 cc _ _ 48 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 49 nsubj _ _ 49 retreated retreat VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 40 conj _ _ 50 to to ADP IN _ 52 case _ _ 51 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 52 det _ _ 52 rock rock NOUN NN Number=Sing 49 obl _ _ 53 of of ADP IN _ 54 case _ _ 54 Calpe Calpe PROPN NNP Number=Sing 52 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 55 , , PUNCT , _ 58 punct _ _ 56 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 58 advmod _ _ 57 Taric Taric PROPN NNP Number=Sing 58 nsubj _ _ 58 lay lie VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 49 conj _ _ 59 gathered gather VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 58 xcomp _ _ 60 up up ADP RP _ 59 compound:prt _ _ 61 with with ADP IN _ 64 case _ _ 62 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 64 det _ _ 63 main main ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 64 amod _ _ 64 body body NOUN NN Number=Sing 58 obl _ _ 65 of of ADP IN _ 67 case _ _ 66 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 67 nmod:poss _ _ 67 army army NOUN NN Number=Sing 64 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 68 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **march** | past | the prince | | | Andalusia | | with prince's army | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through andalusia=Trajectory | | 2 | **join** | past · passive | Theodomir | | | | | with prince's troops | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Patient with troops=Co-Patient | | 3 | **meet** | past | prince | | | | | with various detachments of the enemy | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with detachment=Co-Agent | | 4 | **forage** | gerund | the enemy *not said here* | the country | | | | | vn rummage-35.5-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent country=Location | | 5 | **have** | past | prince *not said here* | several | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent several=Patient | | 6 | **skirmish** | present | bloody | | | | | | vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **succeed** | past | prince | | | | | | vn succeed-74-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 8 | **drive** | gerund | prince *not said here* | troops | | | before prince | | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme before he=Destination | | 9 | **retreat** | past | troops | | | the rock of Calpe | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to rock=Initial\_Location | | 10 | **lie** | past | Taric | | | | | with the main body of TARIC's army | tree rules | | 11 | **gather up** | participle | Taric *not said here* | | | | | | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 12 | **detach** | | | the enemy | | | | | nom detachment «feeling transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/12/9/) - next →: [sentence 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/12/11/) - ↑ back to [Chapter XI.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/12/)