---
title: The ancient Moorish chroniclers relate many awful portents, and stra… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: The ancient Moorish chroniclers relate many awful portents, and strange and mysterious visions, which appeared to the commanders of either army during this anxious night. Who acts: ancient Moorish chroniclers, strange visions. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Ch
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter XI., sentence 26

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The ancient Moorish chroniclers relate many awful portents, and strange and mysterious visions, which appeared to the commanders of either army during this anxious night.

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**Who acts:** ancient Moorish chroniclers, strange visions · **What happens:** relate, appear · **To what, where:** many awful portents

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter XI.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ancient Moorish chroniclers, strange visions), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:12:26
# text = The ancient Moorish chroniclers relate many awful portents, and strange and mysterious visions, which appeared to the commanders of either army during this anxious night.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	Moorish	moorish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	chroniclers	chronicler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	relate	relate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	awful	awful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	portents	portent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
11	strange	strange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	mysterious	mysterious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	_
14	visions	vision	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
17	appeared	appear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
18	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	commanders	commander	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	either	either	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc:preconj	_	_
23	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
24	during	during	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	27	det	_	_
26	anxious	anxious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **relate** | present | the ancient Moorish chroniclers | many awful portents |  |  |  | strange visions *obl* | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent portent=Theme |
| 2 | **appear** | past | strange visions |  |  |  | night | to the commanders of army | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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- ↑ back to [Chapter XI.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/12/)