---
title: But, though sunk from his former hardihood and virtue, though enerva… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: But, though sunk from his former hardihood and virtue, though enervated by indulgence, and degraded in spirit by a consciousness of crime, he was resolute of soul, and roused himself to meet the coming danger. Who acts: sunk. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Cha
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter XI., sentence 3

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But, though sunk from his former hardihood and virtue, though enervated by indulgence, and degraded in spirit by a consciousness of crime, he was resolute of soul, and roused himself to meet the coming danger.

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**Who acts:** sunk · **What happens:** enervate, degrade, be, rouse, meet, come · **To what, where:** spirit, sunk, coming danger

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter XI.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sunk), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:12:3
# text = But, though sunk from his former hardihood and virtue, though enervated by indulgence, and degraded in spirit by a consciousness of crime, he was resolute of soul, and roused himself to meet the coming danger.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	sunk	sunk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nsubj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	former	former	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	hardihood	hardihood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	virtue	virtue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
13	enervated	enervate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	indulgence	indulgence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	degraded	degrade	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	parataxis	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
21	by	by	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	consciousness	consciousness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	crime	crime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
27	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
28	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
29	resolute	resolute	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	conj	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	soul	soul	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	roused	rouse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
35	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	34	obj	_	_
36	to	to	PART	TO	_	37	mark	_	_
37	meet	meet	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	34	advcl	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
39	coming	come	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	40	amod	_	_
40	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	34	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **enervate** | participle | sunk from sunk's former hardihood and virtue *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by indulgence | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **degrade** | participle |  |  |  | spirit |  | by a consciousness of crime | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **is** | past | sunk |  |  |  |  | of soul; resolute *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **rouse** | past | sunk from sunk's former hardihood and virtue | sunk |  |  |  |  | vn stimulate-59.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Patient |
| 5 | **meet** | to-infinitive | sunk from sunk's former hardihood and virtue *not said here* | the coming danger |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent danger=Co-Agent |
| 6 | **come** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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- ← previous: [sentence 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/12/2/)
- next →: [sentence 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/12/4/)
- ↑ back to [Chapter XI.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/12/)