---
title: When they considered their perilous situation, an army on one side,… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: When they considered their perilous situation, an army on one side, with a whole nation aroused to re-enforce it, and on the other an impassable sea, the spirits of many of the warriors were cast down, and they repented the day when they had ventured into this hostile land. Who acts: Arabs. A senten
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter XI., sentence 30

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When they considered their perilous situation, an army on one side, with a whole nation aroused to re-enforce it, and on the other an impassable sea, the spirits of many of the warriors were cast down, and they repented the day when they had ventured into this hostile land.

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**Who acts:** Arabs · **What happens:** consider, arouse, re-enforce, cast down, repent, venture · **To what, where:** perilous situation, one side, whole nation, nation, spirits, other impassable sea

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter XI.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Arabs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:12:30
# text = When they considered their perilous situation, an army on one side, with a whole nation aroused to re-enforce it, and on the other an impassable sea, the spirits of many of the warriors were cast down, and they repented the day when they had ventured into this hostile land.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	considered	consider	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	perilous	perilous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	situation	situation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	nation	nation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
18	aroused	arouse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	acl	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	re-enforce	re-enforce	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	xcomp	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
24	on	on	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
26	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
27	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	impassable	impassable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	spirits	spirit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	nsubj:pass	_	_
33	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	39	mark	_	_
34	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	nsubj	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	warriors	warrior	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	nmod	_	_
38	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	39	aux:pass	_	_
39	cast	cast	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
40	down	down	ADP	RP	_	39	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
42	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	44	cc	_	_
43	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	44	nsubj	_	_
44	repented	repent	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
46	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	obl:unmarked	_	_
47	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	50	advmod	_	_
48	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	50	nsubj	_	_
49	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	50	aux	_	_
50	ventured	venture	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	44	advcl	_	_
51	into	into	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
52	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	54	det	_	_
53	hostile	hostile	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	54	amod	_	_
54	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	50	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
55	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **consider** | past | Arabs *= arab* | Arabs's perilous situation and a army |  | one side |  | with a whole nation | vn consider-29.9-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent situation=Attribute |
| 2 | **arouse** | participle |  | a whole nation *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **re-enforce** | to-infinitive |  | nation |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **cast down** | past · passive |  | the spirits |  | the other impassable sea |  |  | vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: subject=Theme on sea=Destination |
| 5 | **repent** | past | Arabs *= arab* |  |  |  | day |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **venture** | past · perfect | Arabs *= arab* |  |  | this hostile land |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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- ← previous: [sentence 29](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/12/29/)
- next →: [sentence 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/12/31/)
- ↑ back to [Chapter XI.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/12/)