---
title: They were without discipline or animation; and their horses, like th… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: They were without discipline or animation; and their horses, like themselves, pampered by slothful peace, were little fitted to bear the heat, the dust, and toil, of long campaigns. Who acts: nobles, horses. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter XI., with its
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter XI., sentence 6

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They were without discipline or animation; and their horses, like themselves, pampered by slothful peace, were little fitted to bear the heat, the dust, and toil, of long campaigns.

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**Who acts:** nobles, horses · **What happens:** be, pamper, fit, bear · **To what, where:** horses, toil, heat

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter XI.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (nobles, horses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:12:6
# text = They were without discipline or animation; and their horses, like themselves, pampered by slothful peace, were little fitted to bear the heat, the dust, and toil, of long campaigns.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	without	without	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	discipline	discipline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	animation	animation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	pampered	pamper	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
16	by	by	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	slothful	slothful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	peace	peace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux:pass	_	_
21	little	little	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	22	advmod	_	_
22	fitted	fit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	24	mark	_	_
24	bear	bear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	xcomp	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	toil	toil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
36	campaigns	campaign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | nobles *= noble* |  |  |  |  | without discipline or animation and nobles's horses; animation *conj*; nobles's horses *conj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **pamper** | participle |  | nobles's horses *not said here* |  |  |  | slothful peace *obl:agent* | tree rules |
| 3 | **fit** | past · passive | nobles's horses *not said here* | toil |  |  |  | of long campaigns; little *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **bear** | to-infinitive | nobles's horses *not said here* | the heat and the dust |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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