---
title: The grey summits of the rock of Calpe brightened with the first rays… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: The grey summits of the rock of Calpe brightened with the first rays of morning, as the Christian army issued forth from its encampment. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cla
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho., sentence 1

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The grey summits of the rock of Calpe brightened with the first rays of morning, as the Christian army issued forth from its encampment.

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**What happens:** brighten, issue, ray · **To what, where:** grey summits, Christian army, encampment, morning

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:13:1
# text = The grey summits of the rock of Calpe brightened with the first rays of morning, as the Christian army issued forth from its encampment.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	summits	summit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Calpe	Calpe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	brightened	brighten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	13	amod	_	_
13	rays	ray	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	as	as	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	Christian	Christian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	dep	_	_
21	issued	issue	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	acl	_	_
22	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
23	from	from	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
25	encampment	encampment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **brighten** | participle · passive |  | the grey summits |  |  |  | of the rock of Calpe; with the first rays of morning; the Christian army *dep* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with ray=Instrument |
| 2 | **issue** | participle |  | the Christian army *not said here* |  | army's encampment |  | forth *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **ray** |  |  | morning |  |  |  |  | nom ray «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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