---
title: The Arabs stood the shock manfully, receiving the horses upon the po… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: The Arabs stood the shock manfully, receiving the horses upon the points of their lances; many of the riders were shot down with bolts from cross-bows, or stabbed with the poniards of the Moslems. Who acts: Arabs. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Battle of Calpe
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho., sentence 19

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Arabs stood the shock manfully, receiving the horses upon the points of their lances; many of the riders were shot down with bolts from cross-bows, or stabbed with the poniards of the Moslems.

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**Who acts:** Arabs · **What happens:** stand, receive, shoot down, stab, point · **To what, where:** shock, horses, points, many, lances

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Arabs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:13:19
# text = The Arabs stood the shock manfully, receiving the horses upon the points of their lances; many of the riders were shot down with bolts from cross-bows, or stabbed with the poniards of the Moslems.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Arabs	Arab	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	shock	shock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	manfully	manfully	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	receiving	receive	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	points	point	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	lances	lance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
18	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	riders	rider	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	_
22	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	shot	shoot	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	_
24	down	down	ADP	RP	_	23	compound:prt	_	_
25	with	with	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	bolts	bolt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	_
27	from	from	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	cross-bows	cross-bow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
30	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	stabbed	stab	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	conj	_	_
32	with	with	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	poniards	poniard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	obl	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	Moslems	Moslem	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	34	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past | the Arabs | the shock |  |  |  | manfully *property* | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer shock=Stimulus |
| 2 | **receive** | gerund | the Arabs *not said here* | the horses |  | the points of Arabs's lances |  |  | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent horse=Theme upon point=Location |
| 3 | **shoot down** | past · passive |  | many of the riders |  |  |  | with bolts from cross-bows | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with bolt=Instrument |
| 4 | **stab** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | with the poniards of the Moslems | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with poniard=Instrument |
| 5 | **point** |  |  | Arabs's lances |  |  |  |  | nom point «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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