---
title: Their assault bore hard upon their countrymen, who were disordered b… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: Their assault bore hard upon their countrymen, who were disordered by the contest with the foot soldiers, and many a loyal Christian knight fell beneath the sword of an unnatural foe. Who acts: assault, contest, many, cavaliers. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, 
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho., sentence 22

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Their assault bore hard upon their countrymen, who were disordered by the contest with the foot soldiers, and many a loyal Christian knight fell beneath the sword of an unnatural foe.

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**Who acts:** assault, contest, many, cavaliers · **What happens:** bear, disorder, fall, assault · **To what, where:** countrymen, sword

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (assault, contest, many, cavaliers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:13:22
# text = Their assault bore hard upon their countrymen, who were disordered by the contest with the foot soldiers, and many a loyal Christian knight fell beneath the sword of an unnatural foe.
1	Their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	assault	assault	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	bore	bear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
5	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	countrymen	countryman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
10	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	disordered	disorder	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl:relcl	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	contest	contest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
21	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	nsubj	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
23	loyal	loyal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
24	Christian	Christian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
26	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
27	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
31	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	unnatural	unnatural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	foe	foe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | past | cavaliers's assault |  |  |  |  | upon cavaliers's countrymen; hard *property* | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **disorder** | past · passive | the contest with the foot soldiers | cavaliers's countrymen |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **fall** | past | many |  |  | the sword of a unnatural foe |  | a loyal Christian knight *nsubj* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme beneath sword=Location |
| 4 | **assault** |  | cavaliers *= cavalier* |  |  |  |  |  | nom assault «act transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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