---
title: This lance has been held sacred from all other foes to make a passag… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: This lance has been held sacred from all other foes to make a passage for thy perjured soul.” A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho., sentence 26

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This lance has been held sacred from all other foes to make a passage for thy perjured soul.”

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**What happens:** hold, make, perjure · **To what, where:** lance, other foes, passage

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:13:26
# text = This lance has been held sacred from all other foes to make a passage for thy perjured soul.”
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	lance	lance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	sacred	sacred	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	det	_	_
9	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	foes	foe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	passage	passage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	18	nmod:poss	_	_
17	perjured	perjure	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	amod	_	_
18	soul	soul	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present · perfect · passive |  | this lance |  | all other foes |  | sacred *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | a passage |  |  |  | for thy perjured soul | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent passage=Product for soul=Asset |
| 3 | **perjure** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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