---
title: The renegado had been renowned for prowess before he became a traito… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: The renegado had been renowned for prowess before he became a traitor to his country, but guilt will sap the courage of the stoutest heart. Who acts: Theodomir, guilt. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho., with its dependency tree 
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho., sentence 27

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The renegado had been renowned for prowess before he became a traitor to his country, but guilt will sap the courage of the stoutest heart.

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**Who acts:** Theodomir, guilt · **What happens:** renown, become, sap · **To what, where:** renegado, traitor, courage

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Theodomir, guilt), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:13:27
# text = The renegado had been renowned for prowess before he became a traitor to his country, but guilt will sap the courage of the stoutest heart.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	renegado	renegado	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	renowned	renown	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	prowess	prowess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	traitor	traitor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	xcomp	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	guilt	guilt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
19	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	sap	sap	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	stoutest	stout	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	26	amod	_	_
26	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **renown** | past · perfect · passive |  | the renegado |  |  |  | for prowess | tree rules |
| 2 | **become** | past | Theodomir | a traitor to Theodomir's country |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **sap** | future | guilt | the courage of the stoutest heart |  |  |  |  | vn deprive-10.6.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent courage=Source |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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