---
title: The Christian leaders and most conspicuous cavaliers were singled ou… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: The Christian leaders and most conspicuous cavaliers were singled out, and severally assailed by overpowering numbers. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho., sentence 32

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The Christian leaders and most conspicuous cavaliers were singled out, and severally assailed by overpowering numbers.

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**What happens:** single out, assail, overpower · **To what, where:** Christian leaders, numbers

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:13:32
# text = The Christian leaders and most conspicuous cavaliers were singled out, and severally assailed by overpowering numbers.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Christian	Christian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	leaders	leader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	6	advmod	_	_
6	conspicuous	conspicuous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	cavaliers	cavalier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
8	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	singled	single	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	out	out	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	severally	severally	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	assailed	assail	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	_
15	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
16	overpowering	overpower	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	advcl	_	_
17	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **single out** | past · passive |  | the Christian leaders and conspicuous cavaliers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **assail** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | severally *property* | vn attack-60.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **overpower** | gerund |  | numbers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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