---
title: They fought desperately, and performed miracles of prowess; but fell… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: They fought desperately, and performed miracles of prowess; but fell, one by one, beneath a thousand wounds. Who acts: leaders. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho., sentence 33

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They fought desperately, and performed miracles of prowess; but fell, one by one, beneath a thousand wounds.

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**Who acts:** leaders · **What happens:** fight, perform, fall · **To what, where:** miracles, one

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (leaders), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:13:33
# text = They fought desperately, and performed miracles of prowess; but fell, one by one, beneath a thousand wounds.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	fought	fight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	desperately	desperately	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	performed	perform	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	miracles	miracle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	prowess	prowess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	obj	_	_
15	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	21	nummod	_	_
21	wounds	wound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fight** | past | leaders *= leader* |  |  |  |  | desperately *property* | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **perform** | past | leaders *= leader* *not said here* | miracles of prowess |  |  |  |  | vn performance-26.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent miracle=Theme |
| 3 | **fall** | past | leaders *= leader* *not said here* | one |  |  |  | by one; beneath thousand wounds | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient one=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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