---
title: Still the battle lingered on throughout a great part of the day; and… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: Still the battle lingered on throughout a great part of the day; and as the declining sun shone through the clouds of dust, it seemed as if the conflicting hosts were wrapped in smoke and fire. Who acts: you, it. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Battle of Calpe.
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho., sentence 34

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Still the battle lingered on throughout a great part of the day; and as the declining sun shone through the clouds of dust, it seemed as if the conflicting hosts were wrapped in smoke and fire.

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**Who acts:** you, it · **What happens:** still, linger, decline, shine, seem, conflict · **To what, where:** battle, great part, declining sun, clouds, conflicting hosts, smoke

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, it), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:13:34
# text = Still the battle lingered on throughout a great part of the day; and as the declining sun shone through the clouds of dust, it seemed as if the conflicting hosts were wrapped in smoke and fire.
1	Still	still	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	lingered	linger	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	throughout	throughout	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
15	as	as	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	declining	decline	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	18	amod	_	_
18	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
19	shone	shine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	acl	_	_
20	through	through	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
26	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	seemed	seem	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
28	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	34	mark	_	_
29	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	34	mark	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	conflicting	conflict	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	32	amod	_	_
32	hosts	host	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	nsubj:pass	_	_
33	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	34	aux:pass	_	_
34	wrapped	wrap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	27	xcomp	_	_
35	in	in	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
38	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **still** | imperative | you *not said here* | the battle |  |  |  |  | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent battle=Patient |
| 2 | **linger** | participle |  | the battle *not said here* |  | a great part of the day |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on part=Location |
| 3 | **decline** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 4 | **shine** | participle |  | the declining sun *not said here* |  | the clouds of dust |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through cloud=Location |
| 5 | **seem** | past | it |  |  |  |  | as the declining sun | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 6 | **conflict** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **wrap** *a condition, not said to happen* | past · passive |  | the conflicting hosts |  | smoke and fire |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in smoke=Destination |
| 8 | **cloud** |  |  | dust |  |  |  |  | nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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