---
title: Ataulpho then grasped his mace, which hung at his saddle bow, and a… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: Ataulpho then grasped his mace, which hung at his saddle bow, and a doubtful fight ensued. Who acts: Ataulpho, mace, doubtful fight. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho., sentence 41

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Ataulpho then grasped his mace, which hung at his saddle bow, and a doubtful fight ensued.

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**Who acts:** Ataulpho, mace, doubtful fight · **What happens:** grasp, hang, ensue · **To what, where:** mace, saddle bow

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ataulpho, mace, doubtful fight), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:13:41
# text = Ataulpho then grasped his mace, which hung at his saddle bow, and a doubtful fight ensued.
1	Ataulpho	Ataulpho	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
3	grasped	grasp	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	mace	mace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	hung	hang	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
11	saddle	saddle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	bow	bow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	doubtful	doubtful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	fight	fight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
18	ensued	ensue	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grasp** | past | Ataulpho | Ataulpho's mace |  |  | then |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer mace=Stimulus |
| 2 | **hang** | past | Ataulpho's mace |  |  | Ataulpho's saddle bow |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at bow=Location |
| 3 | **ensue** | past | a doubtful fight |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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