---
title: A faithful page drew him from under the hoofs of the horses, and, ai… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: A faithful page drew him from under the hoofs of the horses, and, aided by a veteran soldier, an ancient vassal of Ataulpho, conveyed him to a short distance from the field of battle, by the side of a small stream that gushed out from among rocks. Who acts: faithful page, small stream. A sentence of
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho., sentence 50

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A faithful page drew him from under the hoofs of the horses, and, aided by a veteran soldier, an ancient vassal of Ataulpho, conveyed him to a short distance from the field of battle, by the side of a small stream that gushed out from among rocks.

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**Who acts:** faithful page, small stream · **What happens:** draw, aid, convey, gush out · **To what, where:** Prince, hoofs, short distance, rocks

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (faithful page, small stream), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:13:50
# text = A faithful page drew him from under the hoofs of the horses, and, aided by a veteran soldier, an ancient vassal of Ataulpho, conveyed him to a short distance from the field of battle, by the side of a small stream that gushed out from among rocks.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	faithful	faithful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	page	page	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	drew	draw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	under	under	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	hoofs	hoof	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	aided	aid	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
17	by	by	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	veteran	veteran	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	soldier	soldier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	vassal	vassal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	appos	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Ataulpho	Ataulpho	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
28	conveyed	convey	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
29	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	obj	_	_
30	to	to	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
31	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
34	from	from	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nmod	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
40	by	by	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
43	of	of	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
44	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
45	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	46	amod	_	_
46	stream	stream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	nmod	_	_
47	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	48	nsubj	_	_
48	gushed	gush	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	46	acl:relcl	_	_
49	out	out	ADP	RP	_	48	compound:prt	_	_
50	from	from	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
51	among	among	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
52	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	48	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | past | a faithful page | Prince |  | the hoofs of the horses |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent he=Theme from hoof=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **aid** | participle | a faithful page *not said here* |  |  |  |  | a veteran soldier *obl:agent* | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **convey** | past | a faithful page *not said here* | Prince | a short distance from the field of battle |  |  | by the side of a small stream | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Topic to distance=Recipient |
| 4 | **gush out** | past | a small stream |  |  | rocks |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP.theme V PP.source»: agent=Theme from rock=Source |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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