---
title: Theodomir endeavoured in vain to rally them; they threw by their wea… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: Theodomir endeavoured in vain to rally them; they threw by their weapons and fled; and they continued to fly, and the enemy to pursue and slay them, until the darkness of the night. Who acts: Theodomir, features. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Battle of Calpe.
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho., sentence 64

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Theodomir endeavoured in vain to rally them; they threw by their weapons and fled; and they continued to fly, and the enemy to pursue and slay them, until the darkness of the night.

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**Who acts:** Theodomir, features · **What happens:** endeavour, rally, throw, flee, continue, fly · **To what, where:** vain, features, enemy

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Theodomir, features), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:13:64
# text = Theodomir endeavoured in vain to rally them; they threw by their weapons and fled; and they continued to fly, and the enemy to pursue and slay them, until the darkness of the night.
1	Theodomir	Theodomir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	endeavoured	endeavour	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	vain	vain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	obl	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	rally	rally	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	threw	throw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	weapons	weapon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	fled	flee	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	continued	continue	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	27	mark	_	_
27	pursue	pursue	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	acl	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	slay	slay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	conj	_	_
30	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
32	until	until	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	parataxis	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **endeavour** | past | Theodomir |  |  | vain |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **rally** | to-infinitive | Theodomir *not said here* | features *= feature* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **throw** | past | features *= feature* |  |  |  |  | by features's weapons | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent by weapon=Destination |
| 4 | **flee** | past | features *= feature* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **continue** | past | features *= feature* | the enemy |  |  |  | the darkness of the night *parataxis* | vn continue-55.3 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 6 | **fly** | to-infinitive | features *= feature* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **pursue** | to-infinitive | features *= feature* *not said here* | the enemy *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 8 | **slay** | infinitive | features *= feature* *not said here* | features *= feature* |  |  |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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