---
title: As they advanced, they heard the clash of cymbals and the bray of tr… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: As they advanced, they heard the clash of cymbals and the bray of trumpets, and the rocky bosom of the mountain glittered with helms and spears and scimitars; for the Arabs, inspired with fresh confidence by the words of Taric, were sallying forth, with flaunting banners, to the combat. Who acts: wo
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho., sentence 7

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As they advanced, they heard the clash of cymbals and the bray of trumpets, and the rocky bosom of the mountain glittered with helms and spears and scimitars; for the Arabs, inspired with fresh confidence by the words of Taric, were sallying forth, with flaunting banners, to the combat.

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**Who acts:** words, cymbals, trumpets · **What happens:** advance, hear, glitter, inspire, sally, flaunt · **To what, where:** clash, rocky bosom, mountain, Taric

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (words, cymbals, trumpets), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:13:7
# text = As they advanced, they heard the clash of cymbals and the bray of trumpets, and the rocky bosom of the mountain glittered with helms and spears and scimitars; for the Arabs, inspired with fresh confidence by the words of Taric, were sallying forth, with flaunting banners, to the combat.
1	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	advanced	advance	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	clash	clash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	cymbals	cymbal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	bray	bray	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	trumpets	trumpet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	rocky	rocky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	bosom	bosom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj:pass	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
24	glittered	glitter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
25	with	with	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	helms	helm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obl	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	spears	spear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	conj	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	scimitars	scimitar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	36	punct	_	_
32	for	for	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	Arabs	Arab	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	36	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
36	inspired	inspire	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
37	with	with	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	fresh	fresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
39	confidence	confidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	_
40	by	by	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	obl	_	_
43	of	of	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
44	Taric	Taric	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	42	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
46	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	47	aux	_	_
47	sallying	sally	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	36	advcl	_	_
48	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	47	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	52	punct	_	_
50	with	with	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
51	flaunting	flaunt	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	52	amod	_	_
52	banners	banner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	47	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	56	punct	_	_
54	to	to	ADP	IN	_	56	case	_	_
55	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	56	det	_	_
56	combat	combat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
57	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **advance** | past | words *= word* |  |  |  |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **hear** | past | words *= word* | the clash of cymbals and the bray of trumpets |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer clash=Stimulus |
| 3 | **glitter** | participle · passive |  | the rocky bosom of the mountain |  |  |  | with helms and spears and scimitars | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **inspire** | participle | words *= word* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for the Arabs; with fresh confidence; by the words of Taric | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **sally** | past · progressive | words *= word* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with flaunting banners; to the combat; forth *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **flaunt** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **clash** |  | cymbals and the bray of trumpets |  |  |  |  |  | nom clash «event intransitive»: of=agent |
| 8 | **bray** |  | trumpets |  |  |  |  |  | nom bray «event intransitive»: of=agent |
| 9 | **bosom** |  |  | the mountain |  |  |  |  | nom bosom «state transitive»: of=patient |
| 10 | **word** |  |  | Taric |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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