--- title: Calling upon the several leaders by their names, he exhorted them to… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics description: Calling upon the several leaders by their names, he exhorted them to direct their attacks against the Christian captains, and especially against Ataulpho; “for the chiefs being slain,” said he, “their followers will vanish from before us like the morning mist.” Who acts: chieftain, Ataulpho, followe --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/13/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Legends of the conquest of Spain](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/) / [Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/13/) / 9 # Legends of the conquest of Spain, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho., sentence 9 Calling upon the several leaders by their names, he exhorted them to direct their attacks against the Christian captains, and especially against Ataulpho; “for the chiefs being slain,” said he, “their followers will vanish from before us like the morning mist.” **Who acts:** chieftain, Ataulpho, followers, us, leaders, spears · **What happens:** call, exhort, direct, be, say, vanish · **To what, where:** spears, attacks, morning mist · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chieftain, Ataulpho, followers, us), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg77685:13:9 # text = Calling upon the several leaders by their names, he exhorted them to direct their attacks against the Christian captains, and especially against Ataulpho; “for the chiefs being slain,” said he, “their followers will vanish from before us like the morning mist.” 1 Calling call VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 11 advcl _ _ 2 upon upon ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 several several ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 leaders leader NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 obl _ _ 6 by by ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ _ 8 names name NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 9 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 10 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ _ 11 exhorted exhort VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 12 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obj _ _ 13 to to PART TO _ 14 mark _ _ 14 direct direct VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 11 xcomp _ _ 15 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ _ 16 attacks attack NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obj _ _ 17 against against ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 19 Christian Christian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 20 captains captain NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 21 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 23 especially especially ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ _ 24 against against ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 Ataulpho Ataulpho PROPN NNP Number=Sing 35 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 26 ; ; PUNCT : _ 32 punct _ _ 27 “ " PUNCT `` _ 32 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 28 for for ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 chiefs chief NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 obl _ _ 31 being be AUX VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 32 cop _ _ 32 slain slain ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 33 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 34 ” " PUNCT '' _ 32 punct _ _ 35 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 parataxis _ _ 36 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 37 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 38 “ " PUNCT `` _ 42 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 39 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 40 nmod:poss _ _ 40 followers follower NOUN NNS Number=Plur 42 nsubj _ _ 41 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 42 aux _ _ 42 vanish vanish VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 35 conj _ _ 43 from from ADP IN _ 42 obl _ _ 44 before before SCONJ IN _ 46 mark _ _ 45 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 46 nsubj _ _ 46 like like VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 42 advcl _ _ 47 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 49 det _ _ 48 morning morning NOUN NN Number=Sing 49 compound _ _ 49 mist mist NOUN NN Number=Sing 46 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 50 . . PUNCT . _ 11 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 51 ” " PUNCT '' _ 11 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **call** | gerund | chieftain *not said here* | | | | | upon the several leaders; by leaders's names | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **exhort** | past | chieftain | spears *= spear* | | | | | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent they=Recipient clause=Topic | | 3 | **direct** | to-infinitive | chieftain *not said here* | spears's attacks | | | | against the Christian captains | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.theme PP.predicate»: agent=Agent attack=Theme against captain=Eventuality | | 4 | **is** *in a quote* | gerund | | | | | | for the chiefs; slain *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Ataulpho | | | | | chieftain *nsubj* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **vanish** *in a quote* | future | spears's followers | | | | | | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 7 | **like** *in a quote* | present | us | the morning mist | | | | | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot mist=Theme | | 8 | **name** | | leaders *= leader* | | | | | | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent | | 9 | **attack** | | spears *= spear* | | | | | | nom attack «act transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/13/8/) - next →: [sentence 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/13/10/) - ↑ back to [Battle of Calpe.—fate of Ataulpho.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/13/)