---
title: Fields were laid waste, towns and cities plundered, the inhabitants… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: Fields were laid waste, towns and cities plundered, the inhabitants carried into captivity, and the whole country lay in smoking desolation. Who acts: Fields, towns, inhabitants, whole country. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Terror of the Country.—roderick Rou
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Terror of the Country.—roderick Rouses Himself to Arms., sentence 17

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Fields were laid waste, towns and cities plundered, the inhabitants carried into captivity, and the whole country lay in smoking desolation.

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**Who acts:** Fields, towns, inhabitants, whole country · **What happens:** lay, be, plunder, carry, lie · **To what, where:** laid waste, captivity, smoking desolation

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Terror of the Country.—roderick Rouses Himself to Arms.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Fields, towns, inhabitants, whole country), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:14:17
# text = Fields were laid waste, towns and cities plundered, the inhabitants carried into captivity, and the whole country lay in smoking desolation.
1	Fields	field	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	laid	lay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	waste	waste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	towns	town	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
9	plundered	plunder	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	inhabitants	inhabitant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
13	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
14	into	into	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	captivity	captivity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
21	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	smoking	smoking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	desolation	desolation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | past | Fields | laid waste and towns and cities |  |  |  | towns and cities *conj* | tree rules |
| 3 | **plunder** | past | towns and cities *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn deprive-10.6.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **carry** | past | the inhabitants |  |  | captivity |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **lie** | past | the whole country |  |  | smoking desolation |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in desolation=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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