---
title: As to the common people, some had lances and shields and swords and… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: As to the common people, some had lances and shields and swords and cross-bows, but the greater part were unarmed, or provided merely with slings, and clubs studded with nails, and with the iron implements of husbandry; and many had made shields for themselves from the doors and windows, of their ha
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Terror of the Country.—roderick Rouses Himself to Arms., sentence 29

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As to the common people, some had lances and shields and swords and cross-bows, but the greater part were unarmed, or provided merely with slings, and clubs studded with nails, and with the iron implements of husbandry; and many had made shields for themselves from the doors and windows, of their habitations.

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**Who acts:** some, greater part · **What happens:** have, be, provide, stud, make · **To what, where:** lances, clubs, many, doors

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Terror of the Country.—roderick Rouses Himself to Arms.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (some, greater part), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:14:29
# text = As to the common people, some had lances and shields and swords and cross-bows, but the greater part were unarmed, or provided merely with slings, and clubs studded with nails, and with the iron implements of husbandry; and many had made shields for themselves from the doors and windows, of their habitations.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	5	case	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	lances	lance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	shields	shield	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	swords	sword	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	cross-bows	cross-bow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
17	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	20	amod	_	_
20	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
21	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
22	unarmed	unarmed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	provided	provide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	conj	_	_
26	merely	merely	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
27	with	with	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	slings	sling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	clubs	club	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obl	_	_
32	studded	stud	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	31	acl	_	_
33	with	with	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	nails	nail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
37	with	with	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
39	iron	iron	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	amod	_	_
40	implements	implement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	conj	_	_
41	of	of	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	husbandry	husbandry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	47	punct	_	_
44	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	47	cc	_	_
45	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	47	nsubj:pass	_	_
46	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	47	aux	_	_
47	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	_
48	shields	shield	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	47	obj	_	_
49	for	for	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
50	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	47	obl	_	_
51	from	from	ADP	IN	_	53	case	_	_
52	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	53	det	_	_
53	doors	door	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	47	obl	_	_
54	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	55	cc	_	_
55	windows	window	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	53	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	59	punct	_	_
57	of	of	ADP	IN	_	59	case	_	_
58	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	59	nmod:poss	_	_
59	habitations	habitation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	53	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | some | lances and shields and swords and cross-bows |  |  |  | as the common people | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lance=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | past | the greater part |  |  |  |  | unarmed *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **provide** | participle | the greater part *not said here* | clubs and the iron implements of husbandry |  |  |  | with slings; merely *property* | vn fulfilling-13.4.1-2 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP.theme»: agent=Agent with sling=Theme |
| 4 | **stud** | participle |  | clubs and the iron implements of husbandry *not said here* |  |  |  | with nails | vn fill-9.8 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with nail=Theme |
| 5 | **make** | past · perfect · passive |  | many |  | the doors and windows and shields's habitations |  | for shields *= shield* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP PP»: subject=Beneficiary shield=Product from door=Material |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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