---
title: I saw his head and surcoat upon a Moorish lance; and the army was ov… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: I saw his head and surcoat upon a Moorish lance; and the army was overthrown and fled!” Who acts: I. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Terror of the Country.—roderick Rouses Himself to Arms., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Terror of the Country.—roderick Rouses Himself to Arms., sentence 9

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I saw his head and surcoat upon a Moorish lance; and the army was overthrown and fled!”

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**Who acts:** I · **What happens:** see, overthrow, flee · **To what, where:** head, army

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Terror of the Country.—roderick Rouses Himself to Arms.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:14:9
# text = I saw his head and surcoat upon a Moorish lance; and the army was overthrown and fled!”
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	surcoat	surcoat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	Moorish	moorish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	lance	lance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	overthrown	overthrow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	fled	flee	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | I | prince's head and surcoat |  |  |  | upon a Moorish lance | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer head=Stimulus |
| 2 | **overthrow** | past · passive |  | the army |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **flee** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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