---
title: Their leader himself was bold and hardy, and prone to expose himself… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: Their leader himself was bold and hardy, and prone to expose himself to danger; but years and experience had moderated his early fire; his son, however, was eager to distinguish himself in this, his first essay, and rushed with impetuous ardour into the hottest of the battle. Who acts: leader, years
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Skirmishing of the Armies.—pelistes and His Son.—pelistes and the Bishop., sentence 17

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Their leader himself was bold and hardy, and prone to expose himself to danger; but years and experience had moderated his early fire; his son, however, was eager to distinguish himself in this, his first essay, and rushed with impetuous ardour into the hottest of the battle.

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**Who acts:** leader, years, Pelistes · **What happens:** be, expose, moderate, distinguish, rush, fire · **To what, where:** Pelistes, danger, early fire, this, first essay, hottest

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Skirmishing of the Armies.—pelistes and His Son.—pelistes and the Bishop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (leader, years, Pelistes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:16:17
# text = Their leader himself was bold and hardy, and prone to expose himself to danger; but years and experience had moderated his early fire; his son, however, was eager to distinguish himself in this, his first essay, and rushed with impetuous ardour into the hottest of the battle.
1	Their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Emp|Reflex=Yes	2	appos	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	bold	bold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	hardy	hardy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	prone	prone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	expose	expose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	acl	_	_
13	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	12	obj	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
17	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
18	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	experience	experience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
21	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	moderated	moderate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	_
23	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
24	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
27	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
30	however	however	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
32	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	33	cop	_	_
33	eager	eager	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
34	to	to	PART	TO	_	35	mark	_	_
35	distinguish	distinguish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	33	xcomp	_	_
36	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	35	obj	_	_
37	in	in	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	35	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
40	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	42	nmod:poss	_	_
41	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	42	amod	_	_
42	essay	essay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
44	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
45	rushed	rush	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	42	acl	_	_
46	with	with	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
47	impetuous	impetuous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	48	amod	_	_
48	ardour	ardour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	obl	_	_
49	into	into	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
50	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	51	det	_	_
51	hottest	hot	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	45	obl	_	_
52	of	of	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
53	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	54	det	_	_
54	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	51	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
55	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | warriors's leader |  |  |  |  | prone *conj*; Pelistes's son *conj*; bold *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | warriors's leader *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **expose** | to-infinitive | warriors's leader *not said here* | Pelistes | danger |  |  |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent himself=Theme to danger=Recipient |
| 4 | **moderate** | past · perfect | years and experience | Pelistes's early fire |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent fire=Patient |
| 5 | **is** | past | warriors's leader *not said here* |  |  |  |  | eager, however *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **distinguish** | to-infinitive | warriors's leader *not said here* | Pelistes |  | this |  | Pelistes's first essay *obl* | vn distinguish-23.5-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Attribute himself=Theme |
| 7 | **rush** | participle |  | Pelistes's first essay *not said here* |  |  |  | into the hottest of the battle *result*; with impetuous ardour | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into hot=Result |
| 8 | **fire** |  | Pelistes |  |  |  |  |  | nom fire «event transitive»: poss=agent |
| 9 | **essay** |  | Pelistes |  |  |  |  |  | nom essay «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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