---
title: The cavaliers surrounded the body and gave utterance to their grief;… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: The cavaliers surrounded the body and gave utterance to their grief; but the father restrained his agony, and looked on with the stern resignation of a soldier. Who acts: cavaliers, father. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Skirmishing of the Armies.—pelistes and
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Skirmishing of the Armies.—pelistes and His Son.—pelistes and the Bishop., sentence 24

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The cavaliers surrounded the body and gave utterance to their grief; but the father restrained his agony, and looked on with the stern resignation of a soldier.

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**Who acts:** cavaliers, father · **What happens:** surround, give, restrain, look on, resign · **To what, where:** body, utterance, grief, agony, soldier

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Skirmishing of the Armies.—pelistes and His Son.—pelistes and the Bishop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cavaliers, father), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:16:24
# text = The cavaliers surrounded the body and gave utterance to their grief; but the father restrained his agony, and looked on with the stern resignation of a soldier.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cavaliers	cavalier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
3	surrounded	surround	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
7	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	utterance	utterance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	grief	grief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
13	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	restrained	restrain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	agony	agony	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
22	on	on	ADP	RP	_	21	compound:prt	_	_
23	with	with	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	stern	stern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	resignation	resignation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	soldier	soldier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surround** | participle | the cavaliers *not said here* | the body |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme body=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **give** | past | the cavaliers | utterance | cavaliers's grief |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent utterance=Theme to grief=Recipient |
| 3 | **restrain** | past | the father | father's agony |  |  |  |  | vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer agony=Eventuality |
| 4 | **look on** | past | the father *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with the stern resignation of a soldier | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 5 | **resign** |  |  | a soldier |  |  |  |  | nom resignation «feeling transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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