---
title: Don Roderick surveyed the field of battle with a rueful eye, for it… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: Don Roderick surveyed the field of battle with a rueful eye, for it was covered with the mangled bodies of his most illustrious warriors; he saw, too, with anxiety, that the common people, unused to war, and unsustained by discipline, were harassed by incessant toils and dangers, and were cooling in
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Skirmishing of the Armies.—pelistes and His Son.—pelistes and the Bishop., sentence 25

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Don Roderick surveyed the field of battle with a rueful eye, for it was covered with the mangled bodies of his most illustrious warriors; he saw, too, with anxiety, that the common people, unused to war, and unsustained by discipline, were harassed by incessant toils and dangers, and were cooling in their zeal and courage.

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**Who acts:** Don, incessant toils · **What happens:** survey, cover, mangle, see, unsustain, harass · **To what, where:** field, zeal

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Skirmishing of the Armies.—pelistes and His Son.—pelistes and the Bishop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Don, incessant toils), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:16:25
# text = Don Roderick surveyed the field of battle with a rueful eye, for it was covered with the mangled bodies of his most illustrious warriors; he saw, too, with anxiety, that the common people, unused to war, and unsustained by discipline, were harassed by incessant toils and dangers, and were cooling in their zeal and courage.
1	Don	Don	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Roderick	Roderick	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	surveyed	survey	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	rueful	rueful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
17	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	mangled	mangle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	amod	_	_
20	bodies	body	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
22	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	25	nmod:poss	_	_
23	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	24	advmod	_	_
24	illustrious	illustrious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	warriors	warrior	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
27	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
28	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
30	too	too	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
32	with	with	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	anxiety	anxiety	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
35	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	40	mark	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
37	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	amod	_	_
38	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	40	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
40	unused	unused	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	conj	_	_
41	to	to	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
44	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
45	unsustained	unsustain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	28	conj	_	_
46	by	by	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
47	discipline	discipline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	50	punct	_	_
49	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	50	aux:pass	_	_
50	harassed	harass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	45	conj	_	_
51	by	by	ADP	IN	_	53	case	_	_
52	incessant	incessant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	53	amod	_	_
53	toils	toil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	50	obl	_	_
54	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	55	cc	_	_
55	dangers	danger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	53	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	59	punct	_	_
57	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	59	cc	_	_
58	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	59	aux	_	_
59	cooling	cool	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
60	in	in	ADP	IN	_	62	case	_	_
61	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	62	nmod:poss	_	_
62	zeal	zeal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	59	obl	_	_
63	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	64	cc	_	_
64	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	62	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
65	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **survey** | past | Don | the field of battle with a rueful eye |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent field=Theme |
| 2 | **cover** | past · passive |  | field |  |  |  | with the mangled bodies of body's illustrious warriors | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with body=Theme |
| 3 | **mangle** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-3 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **see** | past | Don |  |  |  |  | with anxiety | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **unsustain** | participle | Don *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by discipline | tree rules |
| 6 | **harass** | past · passive | incessant toils and dangers |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 7 | **cool** | past · progressive | Don *not said here* |  |  | people's zeal and courage |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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