---
title: Our troops are rude and unskilful, but slightly armed, and much cast… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: Our troops are rude and unskilful, but slightly armed, and much cast down in spirit. Who acts: troops. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Skirmishing of the Armies.—pelistes and His Son.—pelistes and the Bishop., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ever
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Skirmishing of the Armies.—pelistes and His Son.—pelistes and the Bishop., sentence 31

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Our troops are rude and unskilful, but slightly armed, and much cast down in spirit.

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**Who acts:** troops · **What happens:** be, cast down · **To what, where:** spirit

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Skirmishing of the Armies.—pelistes and His Son.—pelistes and the Bishop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (troops), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:16:31
# text = Our troops are rude and unskilful, but slightly armed, and much cast down in spirit.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	troops	troops	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	unskilful	unskilful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	slightly	slightly	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	armed	armed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	much	much	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	cast	cast	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
15	down	down	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Our troops |  |  |  |  | rude *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Our troops *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | Our troops *not said here* |  |  |  |  | slightly *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **cast down** | participle | Our troops *not said here* |  |  | spirit |  |  | vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent in spirit=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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