---
title: There was hot skirmishing about the field, and on the banks of the r… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: There was hot skirmishing about the field, and on the banks of the river; many gallant feats were displayed on either side, and many valiant warriors were slain. Who acts: many valiant warriors. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Skirmishing of the Armies.—peliste
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Skirmishing of the Armies.—pelistes and His Son.—pelistes and the Bishop., sentence 7

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There was hot skirmishing about the field, and on the banks of the river; many gallant feats were displayed on either side, and many valiant warriors were slain.

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**Who acts:** many valiant warriors · **What happens:** be, skirmish, display · **To what, where:** many gallant feats, side, banks

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Skirmishing of the Armies.—pelistes and His Son.—pelistes and the Bishop.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (many valiant warriors), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:16:7
# text = There was hot skirmishing about the field, and on the banks of the river; many gallant feats were displayed on either side, and many valiant warriors were slain.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	skirmishing	skirmish	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
5	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	banks	bank	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
18	gallant	gallant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	feats	feat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj	_	_
20	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	displayed	display	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
22	on	on	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	either	either	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	24	det	_	_
24	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
27	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
28	valiant	valiant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	warriors	warrior	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	nsubj	_	_
30	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	31	cop	_	_
31	slain	slain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past |  |  |  | there |  | hot *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **skirmish** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | about the field | vn battle-36.4 «NP V PP.theme NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent about field=Theme |
| 3 | **display** | past · passive |  | many gallant feats |  | either side |  |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **is** | past | many valiant warriors |  |  | the banks of the river |  | slain *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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