---
title: As he passed by the place which had been the scene of the recent con… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: As he passed by the place which had been the scene of the recent conflict, he heard, from time to time, the groan of some expiring warrior who had crawled among the reeds on the margin of the river; and sometimes his steed stepped cautiously over the mangled bodies of the slain. Who acts: page, plac
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Traitorous Message of Count Julian., sentence 21

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As he passed by the place which had been the scene of the recent conflict, he heard, from time to time, the groan of some expiring warrior who had crawled among the reeds on the margin of the river; and sometimes his steed stepped cautiously over the mangled bodies of the slain.

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**Who acts:** page, place, expiring warrior, steed · **What happens:** pass, be, hear, expire, crawl, step · **To what, where:** scene, reeds, mangled bodies

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Traitorous Message of Count Julian.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (page, place, expiring warrior, steed), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:17:21
# text = As he passed by the place which had been the scene of the recent conflict, he heard, from time to time, the groan of some expiring warrior who had crawled among the reeds on the margin of the river; and sometimes his steed stepped cautiously over the mangled bodies of the slain.
1	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	passed	pass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	advcl	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
9	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	11	cop	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	scene	scene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	acl:relcl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	recent	recent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	conflict	conflict	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	from	from	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	groan	groan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	appos	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
28	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	30	det	_	_
29	expiring	expire	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	30	amod	_	_
30	warrior	warrior	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	_
31	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	33	nsubj	_	_
32	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	_
33	crawled	crawl	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	30	acl:relcl	_	_
34	among	among	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	reeds	reed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	obl	_	_
37	on	on	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	margin	margin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	_
40	of	of	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
44	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	48	cc	_	_
45	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	48	advmod	_	_
46	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	47	nmod:poss	_	_
47	steed	steed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	nsubj	_	_
48	stepped	step	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
49	cautiously	cautiously	ADV	RB	_	48	advmod	_	_
50	over	over	ADP	IN	_	53	case	_	_
51	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	53	det	_	_
52	mangled	mangle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	53	amod	_	_
53	bodies	body	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	48	obl	_	_
54	of	of	ADP	IN	_	56	case	_	_
55	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	56	det	_	_
56	slain	slain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	53	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
57	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | past | page |  |  |  |  | by the place | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by place=Location |
| 2 | **is a** | past · perfect | the place | the scene |  |  |  | of the recent conflict | tree rules |
| 3 | **hear** | past | page |  |  |  | time |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **expire** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **crawl** | past · perfect | some expiring warrior |  |  | the reeds on the margin of the river |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme among reed=Trajectory |
| 6 | **step** | past | page's steed |  |  | the mangled bodies of the slain |  | cautiously, sometimes *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over body=Trajectory |
| 7 | **mangle** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-3 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 8 | **groan** |  | some expiring warrior |  |  |  |  |  | nom groan «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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