---
title: “Thou hast represented thy countrymen,” said he, “as sunk in effemin… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: “Thou hast represented thy countrymen,” said he, “as sunk in effeminacy and lost to all generous impulse: yet I find them fighting with the courage and the strength of lions. Who acts: defiance, countrymen. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Traitorous Message of 
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Traitorous Message of Count Julian., sentence 4

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“Thou hast represented thy countrymen,” said he, “as sunk in effeminacy and lost to all generous impulse: yet I find them fighting with the courage and the strength of lions.

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**Who acts:** defiance, countrymen · **What happens:** represent, say, sink, lose, find, fight · **To what, where:** Thou, effeminacy, countrymen · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Traitorous Message of Count Julian.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (defiance, countrymen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:17:4
# text = “Thou hast represented thy countrymen,” said he, “as sunk in effeminacy and lost to all generous impulse: yet I find them fighting with the courage and the strength of lions.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	hast	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	represented	represent	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	ccomp	_	_
5	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	countrymen	countryman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
9	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
14	sunk	sink	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	parataxis	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	effeminacy	effeminacy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	conj	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	22	det	_	_
21	generous	generous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	impulse	impulse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
24	yet	yet	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	find	find	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
27	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	obj	_	_
28	fighting	fight	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	26	xcomp	_	_
29	with	with	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	strength	strength	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	conj	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	lions	lion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **represent** *in a quote* | present · passive |  | Thou |  |  |  | thy countrymen *obj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | defiance |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **sink** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  | effeminacy |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **lose** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  | to all generous impulse | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **find** *in a quote* | present | defiance | countrymen *= countryman* |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent they=Attribute clause=Theme |
| 6 | **fight** *in a quote* | gerund | countrymen *= countryman* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with the courage and the strength of lions | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with courage=Co-Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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