---
title: A thousand youthful cavaliers surrounded the car; all of the noblest… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: A thousand youthful cavaliers surrounded the car; all of the noblest blood and bravest spirit; all knighted by the king’s own hand, and sworn to defend him to the last. Who acts: thousand youthful cavaliers, own hand. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Last Day of
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/18/21/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Legends of the conquest of Spain](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/) / [Last Day of the Battle.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/18/) / 21

# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Last Day of the Battle., sentence 21

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A thousand youthful cavaliers surrounded the car; all of the noblest blood and bravest spirit; all knighted by the king’s own hand, and sworn to defend him to the last.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** thousand youthful cavaliers, own hand · **What happens:** surround, knight, swear, defend · **To what, where:** car, all, king, thousand youthful cavaliers

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Last Day of the Battle.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thousand youthful cavaliers, own hand), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:18:21
# text = A thousand youthful cavaliers surrounded the car; all of the noblest blood and bravest spirit; all knighted by the king’s own hand, and sworn to defend him to the last.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
3	youthful	youthful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	cavaliers	cavalier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	surrounded	surround	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
9	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	13	nsubj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	noblest	noble	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	13	amod	_	_
13	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	bravest	brave	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	16	amod	_	_
16	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
18	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	knighted	knight	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	parataxis	_	_
20	by	by	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	’s	's	PART	POS	_	22	case	_	_
24	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	sworn	swear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	conj	_	_
29	to	to	PART	TO	_	30	mark	_	_
30	defend	defend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	xcomp	_	_
31	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	obj	_	_
32	to	to	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surround** | participle | thousand youthful cavaliers and the noblest blood and bravest spirit *not said here* | the car |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme car=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **knight** | participle · passive | the king's own hand | all |  |  |  |  | vn orphan-29.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 3 | **swear** | participle | the king's own hand *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 4 | **defend** | to-infinitive | the king's own hand *not said here* |  | king |  |  | to the last | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [sentence 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/18/20/)
- next →: [sentence 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/18/22/)
- ↑ back to [Last Day of the Battle.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/18/)