---
title: Don Roderick waved his sceptre, and addressed them from his lofty th… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: Don Roderick waved his sceptre, and addressed them from his lofty throne, reminding them of the horror and desolation which had already been spread through the land by the invaders. Who acts: Don, invaders. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Last Day of the Battle
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Last Day of the Battle., sentence 24

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Don Roderick waved his sceptre, and addressed them from his lofty throne, reminding them of the horror and desolation which had already been spread through the land by the invaders.

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**Who acts:** Don, invaders · **What happens:** wave, address, remind, spread · **To what, where:** sceptre, soldiers, lofty throne, horror, land

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Last Day of the Battle.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Don, invaders), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:18:24
# text = Don Roderick waved his sceptre, and addressed them from his lofty throne, reminding them of the horror and desolation which had already been spread through the land by the invaders.
1	Don	Don	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Roderick	Roderick	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	waved	wave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	sceptre	sceptre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	addressed	address	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
12	lofty	lofty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	throne	throne	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	reminding	remind	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
16	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	horror	horror	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	desolation	desolation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	_
22	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	26	nsubj:pass	_	_
23	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
24	already	already	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
25	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	26	aux:pass	_	_
26	spread	spread	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	acl:relcl	_	_
27	through	through	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
30	by	by	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	invaders	invader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wave** | past | Don | Don's sceptre |  |  |  |  | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sceptre=Patient |
| 2 | **address** | past | Don *not said here* | soldiers *= soldier* |  | Don's lofty throne |  |  | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Destination |
| 3 | **remind** *speech: other* | gerund | Don *not said here* |  | soldiers *= soldier* |  |  | of the horror and desolation | vn tell-37.2 «NP V NP.recipient PP.topic»: agent=Agent they=Recipient of horror=Topic |
| 4 | **spread** | past · perfect · passive | the invaders | the horror and desolation |  | the land |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent subject=Theme through land=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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