---
title: He called upon them to summon up the ancient valour of their race, a… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: He called upon them to summon up the ancient valour of their race, and avenge the blood of their brethren. Who acts: Don, soldiers. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Last Day of the Battle., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Last Day of the Battle., sentence 25

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He called upon them to summon up the ancient valour of their race, and avenge the blood of their brethren.

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**Who acts:** Don, soldiers · **What happens:** call, summon up, avenge, race · **To what, where:** ancient valour, blood · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Last Day of the Battle.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Don, soldiers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:18:25
# text = He called upon them to summon up the ancient valour of their race, and avenge the blood of their brethren.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obl	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	summon	summon	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	valour	valour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	avenge	avenge	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	brethren	brethren	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** *speech: assert* | past | Don |  |  |  |  | upon soldiers *= soldier* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **summon up** | to-infinitive | Don *not said here* | the ancient valour of soldiers's race |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent valour=Recipient |
| 3 | **avenge** | present |  | the blood of soldiers's brethren |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **race** |  | soldiers *= soldier* |  |  |  |  |  | nom race «event intransitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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