---
title: In the mid-watches of the night, when all was silent except the foot… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: In the mid-watches of the night, when all was silent except the footstep of the sentinel, pacing before his tent, the king rose from his couch, and walking forth looked thoughtfully upon the martial scene before him. Who acts: all, king, walking. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by W
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Last Day of the Battle., sentence 3

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In the mid-watches of the night, when all was silent except the footstep of the sentinel, pacing before his tent, the king rose from his couch, and walking forth looked thoughtfully upon the martial scene before him.

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**Who acts:** all, king, walking · **What happens:** be, pace, rise, walk, look · **To what, where:** tent, couch, mid-watches

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Last Day of the Battle.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (all, king, walking), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:18:3
# text = In the mid-watches of the night, when all was silent except the footstep of the sentinel, pacing before his tent, the king rose from his couch, and walking forth looked thoughtfully upon the martial scene before him.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	mid-watches	mid-watch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	11	mark	_	_
9	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	silent	silent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	_
12	except	except	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	footstep	footstep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	sentinel	sentinel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	pacing	pace	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	parataxis	_	_
20	before	before	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	tent	tent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
26	rose	rise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	acl:relcl	_	_
27	from	from	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	couch	couch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
32	walking	walk	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	34	csubj	_	_
33	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
34	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	conj	_	_
35	thoughtfully	thoughtfully	ADV	RB	_	34	advmod	_	_
36	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
38	martial	martial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
39	scene	scene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	_
40	before	before	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
41	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	39	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | all |  |  |  |  | except the footstep of the sentinel; silent *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **pace** | gerund |  |  |  | light's tent |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before tent=Trajectory |
| 3 | **rise** | past | the king | light's tent *not said here* |  | light's couch |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient tent=Extent from couch=Initial\_State |
| 4 | **walk** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | forth *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **look** | past | walking |  |  |  |  | upon the martial scene before light; thoughtfully *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent upon scene=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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