---
title: Their turbans and robes, of various dyes and fashions, gave a splend… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: Their turbans and robes, of various dyes and fashions, gave a splendid appearance to their host; as they marched, a cloud of dust arose and partly hid them from the sight, but still there would break forth flashes of steel and gleams of burnished gold, like rays of vivid lightning; while the sound o
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Last Day of the Battle., sentence 30

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Their turbans and robes, of various dyes and fashions, gave a splendid appearance to their host; as they marched, a cloud of dust arose and partly hid them from the sight, but still there would break forth flashes of steel and gleams of burnished gold, like rays of vivid lightning; while the sound of drum and trumpet, and the clash of Moorish cymbal, were as the warlike thunder within that stormy cloud of battle.

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**Who acts:** turbans, cloud, clash, steel, Moorish cymbal · **What happens:** give, march, arise, hide, break, burnish · **To what, where:** splendid appearance, host, sound, clouds, sight, flashes

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Last Day of the Battle.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (turbans, cloud, clash, steel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:18:30
# text = Their turbans and robes, of various dyes and fashions, gave a splendid appearance to their host; as they marched, a cloud of dust arose and partly hid them from the sight, but still there would break forth flashes of steel and gleams of burnished gold, like rays of vivid lightning; while the sound of drum and trumpet, and the clash of Moorish cymbal, were as the warlike thunder within that stormy cloud of battle.
1	Their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	turbans	turban	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	robes	robe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	various	various	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	dyes	dye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	fashions	fashion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
12	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	splendid	splendid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	appearance	appearance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	host	host	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
20	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
21	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	marched	march	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	cloud	cloud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
28	arose	arise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	parataxis	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
30	partly	partly	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
31	hid	hide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	conj	_	_
32	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	obj	_	_
33	from	from	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	sight	sight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
37	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
38	still	still	ADV	RB	_	39	advmod	_	_
39	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	41	advmod	_	_
40	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	41	aux	_	_
41	break	break	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	conj	_	_
42	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	41	advmod	_	_
43	flashes	flash	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	obj	_	_
44	of	of	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
45	steel	steel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	nmod	_	_
46	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	47	cc	_	_
47	gleams	gleam	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	conj	_	_
48	of	of	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
49	burnished	burnish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	50	amod	_	_
50	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	53	punct	_	_
52	like	like	ADP	IN	_	53	case	_	_
53	rays	ray	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	50	appos	_	_
54	of	of	ADP	IN	_	56	case	_	_
55	vivid	vivid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	56	amod	_	_
56	lightning	lightning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	53	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
57	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	60	punct	_	_
58	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	60	mark	_	_
59	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	60	det	_	_
60	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
61	of	of	ADP	IN	_	62	case	_	_
62	drum	drum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	60	nmod	_	_
63	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	64	cc	_	_
64	trumpet	trumpet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	60	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
65	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	77	punct	_	_
66	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	77	cc	_	_
67	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	68	det	_	_
68	clash	clash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	77	nsubj	_	_
69	of	of	ADP	IN	_	71	case	_	_
70	Moorish	moorish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	71	amod	_	_
71	cymbal	cymbal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	68	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
72	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	68	punct	_	_
73	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	77	cop	_	_
74	as	as	ADP	IN	_	77	case	_	_
75	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	77	det	_	_
76	warlike	warlike	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	77	amod	_	_
77	thunder	thunder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	60	conj	_	_
78	within	within	ADP	IN	_	81	case	_	_
79	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	81	det	_	_
80	stormy	stormy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	81	amod	_	_
81	cloud	cloud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	77	nmod	_	_
82	of	of	ADP	IN	_	83	case	_	_
83	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	81	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
84	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | squadrons's turbans and robes and various dyes and fashions | a splendid appearance | squadrons's host |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent appearance=Theme to host=Recipient |
| 2 | **march** | past | turbans *= turban* | the sound of drum and trumpet and the warlike thunder |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **arise** | past | a cloud of dust |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **hide** | past | a cloud of dust *not said here* | clouds *= cloud* |  | the sight |  | partly *property* | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent they=Patient from sight=Beneficiary |
| 5 | **break** | would | turbans *= turban* *not said here* | flashes of steel and gleams of burnished gold |  | there | still | forth *property* | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer flash=Patient |
| 6 | **burnish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **is** | past | the clash of Moorish cymbal |  |  |  |  | as the warlike thunder; within that stormy cloud of battle | tree rules |
| 8 | **cloud** |  |  | dust |  |  |  |  | nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |
| 9 | **flash** |  | steel |  |  |  |  |  | nom flash «event intransitive»: of=agent |
| 10 | **ray** |  |  | vivid lightning |  |  |  |  | nom ray «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |
| 11 | **clash** |  | Moorish cymbal |  |  |  |  |  | nom clash «event intransitive»: of=agent |
| 12 | **cloud** |  |  | battle |  |  |  |  | nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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