---
title: The battle raged for several hours; the field was strown with slain,… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: The battle raged for several hours; the field was strown with slain, and the Moors, overcome by the multitude and fury of their foes, began to falter. Who acts: battle. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Last Day of the Battle., with its dependency tree and the pr
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Last Day of the Battle., sentence 40

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The battle raged for several hours; the field was strown with slain, and the Moors, overcome by the multitude and fury of their foes, began to falter.

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**Who acts:** battle · **What happens:** rage, strown, overcome, begin, falter, infuriate · **To what, where:** battle, field, Moors, foes

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Last Day of the Battle.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (battle), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:18:40
# text = The battle raged for several hours; the field was strown with slain, and the Moors, overcome by the multitude and fury of their foes, began to falter.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nsubj	_	_
3	raged	rage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	strown	strown	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	slain	slain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	Moors	moor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	overcome	overcome	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	acl	_	_
20	by	by	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	multitude	multitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	fury	fury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	foes	foe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
29	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
30	to	to	PART	TO	_	31	mark	_	_
31	falter	falter	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	29	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rage** | participle |  | the battle *not said here* |  |  | hour |  | vn entity\_specific\_modes\_being-47.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **strown** | past · passive | the battle *not said here* | the field |  |  |  | with slain; the Moors *obl* | tree rules |
| 3 | **overcome** | participle |  | the Moors *not said here* |  |  |  | by the multitude and fury of Moslems's foes | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 4 | **begin** | past | the battle |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 5 | **falter** | to-infinitive | the battle *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **infuriate** |  |  | Moslems's foes |  |  |  |  | nom fury «feeling transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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