--- title: When Taric beheld his troops retreating before the enemy, he threw h… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics description: When Taric beheld his troops retreating before the enemy, he threw himself before them, and, rising in his stirrups, “Oh, Moslems! conquerors of Africa!” cried he, “whither would you fly? Who acts: Taric, Moslems, you. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Last Day o --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/18/41/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Legends of the conquest of Spain](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/) / [Last Day of the Battle.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/18/) / 41 # Legends of the conquest of Spain, Last Day of the Battle., sentence 41 When Taric beheld his troops retreating before the enemy, he threw himself before them, and, rising in his stirrups, “Oh, Moslems! conquerors of Africa!” cried he, “whither would you fly? **Who acts:** Taric, Moslems, you · **What happens:** behold, retreat, throw, rise, cry, fly · **To what, where:** troops, Taric, stirrups · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Last Day of the Battle.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Taric, Moslems, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg77685:18:41 # text = When Taric beheld his troops retreating before the enemy, he threw himself before them, and, rising in his stirrups, “Oh, Moslems! conquerors of Africa!” cried he, “whither would you fly? 1 When when ADV WRB PronType=Int 3 advmod _ _ 2 Taric Taric PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 beheld behold VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 advcl _ _ 4 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ _ 5 troops troops NOUN NNS Number=Ptan 3 obj _ _ 6 retreating retreat VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 3 advcl _ _ 7 before before ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 enemy enemy NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 10 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 11 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ _ 12 threw throw VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 13 himself himself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 12 obj _ _ 14 before before ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 16 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ SpaceAfter=No 18 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 19 rising rise VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 12 conj _ _ 20 in in ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ _ 22 stirrups stirrup NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 23 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 24 “ " PUNCT `` _ 27 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 25 Oh oh INTJ UH _ 27 discourse _ SpaceAfter=No 26 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 27 Moslems Moslem PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 34 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 28 ! ! PUNCT . _ 27 punct _ _ 29 conquerors conqueror NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 nsubj _ _ 30 of of ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 29 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 32 ! ! PUNCT . _ 31 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 33 ” " PUNCT '' _ 31 punct _ _ 34 cried cry VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 19 parataxis _ _ 35 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 36 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 37 “ " PUNCT `` _ 41 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 38 whither whither ADV WRB PronType=Int 41 advmod _ _ 39 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 41 aux _ _ 40 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 41 nsubj _ _ 41 fly fly VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 34 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 42 ? ? PUNCT . _ 12 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **behold** | past | Taric | Taric's troops | | | | | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer troops=Stimulus | | 2 | **retreat** | gerund | Taric *not said here* | | | | before the enemy | | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | | 3 | **throw** | past | Taric | Taric | | | before troops | | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent himself=Theme before they=Destination | | 4 | **rise** | gerund | Taric *not said here* | | | Taric's stirrups | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in stirrup=Location | | 5 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | Moslems | Taric | | | | conquerors of Africa *nsubj* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Topic | | 6 | **fly** *in a quote* | would | you | | | | | whither *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/18/40/) - next →: [sentence 42](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/18/42/) - ↑ back to [Last Day of the Battle.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/18/)