---
title: The sea is behind you, the enemy before; you have no hope but in you… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: The sea is behind you, the enemy before; you have no hope but in your valour and the help of God. Who acts: sea, you. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Last Day of the Battle., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Last Day of the Battle., sentence 42

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The sea is behind you, the enemy before; you have no hope but in your valour and the help of God.

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**Who acts:** sea, you · **What happens:** be, have, help · **To what, where:** enemy, hope, God

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Last Day of the Battle.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sea, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:18:42
# text = The sea is behind you, the enemy before; you have no hope but in your valour and the help of God.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	before	before	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
13	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	14	det	_	_
14	hope	hope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	valour	valour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the sea | the enemy |  |  |  | behind you; before *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | present | you | no hope but your valour and the help of God |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hope=Patient |
| 3 | **help** |  |  | God |  |  |  |  | nom help «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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